1b Biomechanics Flashcards
What is biomechanics s
The study of structure, function and movement of a living body
What is biomechanics used for
Improve performance: increase speed of movement or technique. Reduce risk of injury: lesson the force of tension
What is a plane
An imaginary flat surface running through the body
What is an axis
An imaginary line at the right angle to the plane, about which the body rotates or spins
What are the three planes
Sagital, frontal and transverse
What is the frontal plane
Divides the. Body into front and. Back, allows for side sways movements, abduction and adduction are possible, example cartwheel or side step
What is the transverse plane
Divides the body into top and bottom. Movements possible are rotational eg supination and pronation. Sporting example: golf swing or pivot in netball
What is the sagital plane
Splits the body into left and right, flexion and extension possible, examples running or a forward flip
What is the frontal axis
Line that runs from left to right through the hips
What is the sagital axis
Line that runs form front to back through centre of the body, bellybutton,.
What is the vertical axis
Line that runs from top to bottom that runs through the centre of the body
What is a lever system
A stiff rigid structure, hinged at one point and to which force us applied at two other points
What is the fulcrum
The point at which the lever rotates usually joinys
What is the load in a lever
Weight if the body or additional resistanmce
What is the effort
The work done by the muscle at the point of insertion or application
What is the lever arm
The bone in the human body that acts as the lever arm
Example of first class lever
Tricep curl, trice attaches above elbow
Sample f second class lever
Doris and plantarflexion in the ankle
Example of third class lever
Bicep curl as bicep attaches below elbow
Which levers Operate at a mechanical advantage
Second and sometimes first depends if the effort arm is longer
What is a scalar quantity
A measurement with magnitude but no direction, eg time speed volume or length.
What is a vector
A quantity with both direction and magnitude, example: velocity, acceleration
What is Newton’s first law
Law of inertia: an object will not change its motion unless acted upon by an external force
What is Newton’s first law
Law of inertia: an object will not change its motion unless acted upon by an external force
What is Newton’s second law
Law of acceleration: an object accelerates relative to the force applied and in the direction of the force.
What is Newton’s third law
Law of reaction, every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
