1980s

Question 1

How many children did the average German woman have in 1980 and how was it changed from 1960

Answer 1

1.42 children down from 2.4 in 1960

Question 2

When did Bundestag parties have a quota of women candidates

Answer 2

1980

Question 3

When was there an attempted Neo-Nazi meeting and when

Answer 3

In Harzburg in the 1980

Question 4

How strong were neo-Nazi groups in the 1980s

Answer 4

Posed no real political threat but dominated right wing media

Question 5

Affect of Neo-nazi bomb in Oktoberfest and when

Answer 5

1980
Bomb in Munich Oktoberfest killed 15

Question 6

How many right wing groups in 1989

Answer 6

Over 18,000 extreme right wing groups

Question 7

How did the income of private households change between 1950-85

Answer 7

Increased by 1600%

Question 8

What % of German workers in service sector in 1980:

Answer 8

16%

Question 9

Number of university students by 1989

Answer 9

49 universities catered for over 1 million people

Question 10

How did the economy affect the 1980 election

Answer 10

Expanding economy helped Schmidt win the 1980 election

Question 11

How did the FRG economy change in 1981

Answer 11

Growth dipped
Increasing unemployment and inflation
Contributed to end of Schmidts premiership in 82

Question 12

What policy did Kohl implement and what did it do

Answer 12

A policy of De Wende
Government spending cut
Tax cuts phased in over 7 years
Early retirement and retraining schemes introduced
Privitisation of state owned industry such as Lufthansa and Volkswagen

Question 13

How did role of state in the economy change between 82 and 90

Answer 13

Went from 52% to 46%

Question 14

How did Germanys proportion of world output change between 75 and 87 and why

Answer 14

Went from 7.9% to 7.4%

Caused by increasing competition from Asian countries

Question 15

Growth rate of 1980s

Answer 15

0.7%

Question 16

Growth of economy in 1984

Answer 16

2.6%

Question 17

FRG economy throughout the 80s

Answer 17

Kohl abandoned high public spending
Kept annual budget increases to max of 3%
Continued welfare spending
Kohl suggested a return to social market economy but status quo remained

Question 18

Change in inflation between the 81 and 87

Answer 18

Went from 6.2% to 0.6%

Question 19

Unemployment in 1987

Answer 19

Unemployment remained over 2.2 million

Question 20

When was the Green Party formed

Answer 20

1980

Question 21

How did Green Party gain national notoriety

Answer 21

Opposition to nuclear missiles being placed in Germany in 1983

Question 22

Vote share of Green Party in 83 and 87

Answer 22

83- 5.6% - first Bundestag representation

87- 8.3%

Question 23

When did Kohl become Chancellor

Answer 23

1982

Question 24

Why was sleaze a feature of Kohls government

Answer 24

Industry had been making secret and illegal donations to coalition parties

Question 25

Lambsdorff scandal

Answer 25

1984- FDP finance minister Lambsdorff resigned as it was revealed he had taken $50k in exchange for lucrative tax waivers

Question 26

What was the Bitburg affair

Answer 26

Ceremony of reconciliation with Reagan planned, later revealed to be on SS burial ground

Question 27

Result of 1987 election

Answer 27

CDU/CSU vote declined to lowest point since 49 (44.3%) while the FDP raised to 9.1% FDP-CSU/CDU coalition formed

Question 28

How was Kohl involved in reunification

Answer 28

Continued Ostpolitik policy Invited GDR leader to FRG in 1987 Made agreements over environmentalism and scientific issues Co-operated over nuclear policy Kohl and Honecker (FRG leader) issued joint statement that war must not emanate from Germany

Question 29

How GDR led to reunification

Answer 29

70% of FRG supported unification GDR had been bankrupt since 1983- propped up from FRG loans Before rise of Gorbachev there were fears of USSR invasion GDR left isolated as Eastern Bloc regimes began to reform due to Gorbachev Hungary opened its Austrian border in May 89- led to refugees flooding FRG Honecker forced out after peaceful protests in Leipzig etc

Question 30

What was the ten point plan

Answer 30

Set out basic framework for reunification to be possible Called for “immediate medical assistance and a foreign currency for travel”, “common institions to be set up” and to create “joint policies in the pursuit of international co-operation” Heavily supported by the Bundestag CDU/CSU called it a “historic contribution”

Question 31

Key points on path to reunification

Answer 31

1989- Kohl met with wide cheers and applause during speech in Dresden- led him to believe that reunification was feasible Brandenburg gate symbolically opened in Dec 89 50,000 continued to protest in GDR Mass Domestic support meant Kohl could focus on international support Gave France a commitment to European integration FRG Sent economic aid to USSR to gain support of Gorbachev

Question 32

Currency Union

Answer 32

Key step to reunification was a standardised currency Kohl agreed that Deutschmark could be exchanged 1:1 with Ostmark for salaries, wages and pensions Savings converted 1:1 to an extent Currency Union signed and took effect from July 90 Was an important symbolic gesture that provided a rallying point, the rate was too high, hindering the economic progress of poorer ex-GDR areas

Question 33

International opinion on reunification

Answer 33

Of the 2+4 parties, only USA initially onboard 2+4 negotiations began at “open skies” conference in Ottawa feb 90 Poland involved in meetings concerning Polish-German border Key issues surrounded NATO membership, membership of EEC and Polish-German border July 90- Bush issues the London Declaration- made Germanys NATO membership seem political- led to support of Gorbachev

Question 34

Key points of “miracle of Moscow”

Answer 34

Germany renounced all claims to foreign eastern territories Germany provided financial assistance to USSR/Russia German military installations scaled back Russia/USSR withdrew troops over a 4 year period Germany given full sovereignty Germany becomes NATO member

Question 35

When was the reunification treaty signed and came into effect

Answer 35

Signed 31st August 1990 and came into effect 3rd October 90

Question 36

Result of 1990 elections

Answer 36

First all-German, free election since November 1932 CDU/CSU became largest party CDU/CSU - FDP coalition Endorsed Kohls policies Green Party and NPD won no seats Return of reformed Communist Party

Question 37

German involvement in Gulf War

Answer 37

Kohl on the sidelines in 91 gulf war- majority of Germans supported UN involvement but didn’t wish to intervene