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German History > 1980s > Flashcards

1980s Flashcards

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1
Q

How many children did the average German woman have in 1980 and how was it changed from 1960

A

1.42 children down from 2.4 in 1960

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2
Q

When did Bundestag parties have a quota of women candidates

A

1980

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3
Q

When was there an attempted Neo-Nazi meeting and when

A

In Harzburg in the 1980

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4
Q

How strong were neo-Nazi groups in the 1980s

A

Posed no real political threat but dominated right wing media

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5
Q

Affect of Neo-nazi bomb in Oktoberfest and when

A

1980
Bomb in Munich Oktoberfest killed 15

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6
Q

How many right wing groups in 1989

A

Over 18,000 extreme right wing groups

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7
Q

How did the income of private households change between 1950-85

A

Increased by 1600%

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8
Q

What % of German workers in service sector in 1980:

A

16%

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9
Q

Number of university students by 1989

A

49 universities catered for over 1 million people

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10
Q

How did the economy affect the 1980 election

A

Expanding economy helped Schmidt win the 1980 election

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11
Q

How did the FRG economy change in 1981

A

Growth dipped
Increasing unemployment and inflation
Contributed to end of Schmidts premiership in 82

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12
Q

What policy did Kohl implement and what did it do

A

A policy of De Wende
Government spending cut
Tax cuts phased in over 7 years
Early retirement and retraining schemes introduced
Privitisation of state owned industry such as Lufthansa and Volkswagen

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13
Q

How did role of state in the economy change between 82 and 90

A

Went from 52% to 46%

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14
Q

How did Germanys proportion of world output change between 75 and 87 and why

A

Went from 7.9% to 7.4%

Caused by increasing competition from Asian countries

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15
Q

Growth rate of 1980s

A

0.7%

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16
Q

Growth of economy in 1984

A

2.6%

17
Q

FRG economy throughout the 80s

A

Kohl abandoned high public spending
Kept annual budget increases to max of 3%
Continued welfare spending
Kohl suggested a return to social market economy but status quo remained

18
Q

Change in inflation between the 81 and 87

A

Went from 6.2% to 0.6%

19
Q

Unemployment in 1987

A

Unemployment remained over 2.2 million

20
Q

When was the Green Party formed

A

1980

21
Q

How did Green Party gain national notoriety

A

Opposition to nuclear missiles being placed in Germany in 1983

22
Q

Vote share of Green Party in 83 and 87

A

83- 5.6% - first Bundestag representation

87- 8.3%

23
Q

When did Kohl become Chancellor

A

1982

24
Q

Why was sleaze a feature of Kohls government

A

Industry had been making secret and illegal donations to coalition parties

25
Q

Lambsdorff scandal

A

1984- FDP finance minister Lambsdorff resigned as it was revealed he had taken $50k in exchange for lucrative tax waivers

26
Q

What was the Bitburg affair

A

Ceremony of reconciliation with Reagan planned, later revealed to be on SS burial ground

27
Q

Result of 1987 election

A

CDU/CSU vote declined to lowest point since 49 (44.3%) while the FDP raised to 9.1%

FDP-CSU/CDU coalition formed

28
Q

How was Kohl involved in reunification

A

Continued Ostpolitik policy
Invited GDR leader to FRG in 1987
Made agreements over environmentalism and scientific issues
Co-operated over nuclear policy
Kohl and Honecker (FRG leader) issued joint statement that war must not emanate from Germany

29
Q

How GDR led to reunification

A

70% of FRG supported unification
GDR had been bankrupt since 1983- propped up from FRG loans
Before rise of Gorbachev there were fears of USSR invasion
GDR left isolated as Eastern Bloc regimes began to reform due to Gorbachev
Hungary opened its Austrian border in May 89- led to refugees flooding FRG
Honecker forced out after peaceful protests in Leipzig etc

30
Q

What was the ten point plan

A

Set out basic framework for reunification to be possible

Called for “immediate medical assistance and a foreign currency for travel”, “common institions to be set up” and to create “joint policies in the pursuit of international co-operation”

Heavily supported by the Bundestag

CDU/CSU called it a “historic contribution”

31
Q

Key points on path to reunification

A

1989- Kohl met with wide cheers and applause during speech in Dresden- led him to believe that reunification was feasible

Brandenburg gate symbolically opened in Dec 89

50,000 continued to protest in GDR

Mass Domestic support meant Kohl could focus on international support

Gave France a commitment to European integration

FRG Sent economic aid to USSR to gain support of Gorbachev

32
Q

Currency Union

A

Key step to reunification was a standardised currency
Kohl agreed that Deutschmark could be exchanged 1:1 with Ostmark for salaries, wages and pensions
Savings converted 1:1 to an extent
Currency Union signed and took effect from July 90

Was an important symbolic gesture that provided a rallying point, the rate was too high, hindering the economic progress of poorer ex-GDR areas

33
Q

International opinion on reunification

A

Of the 2+4 parties, only USA initially onboard
2+4 negotiations began at “open skies” conference in Ottawa feb 90
Poland involved in meetings concerning Polish-German border
Key issues surrounded NATO membership, membership of EEC and Polish-German border
July 90- Bush issues the London Declaration- made Germanys NATO membership seem political- led to support of Gorbachev

34
Q

Key points of “miracle of Moscow”

A

Germany renounced all claims to foreign eastern territories
Germany provided financial assistance to USSR/Russia
German military installations scaled back
Russia/USSR withdrew troops over a 4 year period
Germany given full sovereignty
Germany becomes NATO member

35
Q

When was the reunification treaty signed and came into effect

A

Signed 31st August 1990 and came into effect 3rd October 90

36
Q

Result of 1990 elections

A

First all-German, free election since November 1932
CDU/CSU became largest party
CDU/CSU - FDP coalition
Endorsed Kohls policies
Green Party and NPD won no seats
Return of reformed Communist Party

37
Q

German involvement in Gulf War

A

Kohl on the sidelines in 91 gulf war- majority of Germans supported UN involvement but didn’t wish to intervene

German History (9 decks)

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