1960s Flashcards
What was the numbers of men to women in the 1960s
126 to 100
Now many children did the average German woman have
2.4 children
What and when was the Eichmann trial
1961
Trial of key figure on holocaust led to widespread protests
When was the Auschwitz Guard Trials
1963-65
When was the state visit of the Shah of Iran
June 1967
Social effects of Nazi legacy
Until late 60s legacy ignored
Former Nazis re-employed in manufacturing and Adeneaurs government
48% of people believed that Hitler would have been best German leader if not for war in 1955
Germany became politically polarised between Ohne mich generation and new, younger generation
Kiesinger and President Lubke both ex-Nazis
How many people believed that Hitler would have been best ever German leader if not for war in 1955 and how had it changed by 1967
1955- 48%
1967- 32%
What caused the 1968 student protests
Nazi-era war crime trials of 1958 and 1965 brought societal issues to the fore
When did learning about the Nazi era become compulsory
1962
How many protested against Vietnam in the 1968
15,000
How did the number of university students change between 1950 and 1960s
108,000 to 400,000
How did the labour market change from August 1961
Building of the Berlin Wall led to a dramatic decrease in cheap labour from the eastern bloc
Who was the Economics Minister and what theory did he subscribe to
Karl Schiller
Believed in Keynesian theory- increased role of state in the economy
What was the Stabilisation law and what did it do
Stabilisation Law of 1967
Promoted budget planning co-operation between different levels of government
How did the EEC affect the German economy
Removal of trade barriers helped to create large market for German goods
By 1969 single market all but achieved
How was foreign labour used in the 60s FRG economy
Came from Southern Europe, Yugoslavia and Turkey
Numbered 1.2 million by 1966
What changed during the 1965 economic slump
GDP growth fell to 2.9% and industrial growth to 1.2%
1966- inflation at 4%
How did Erhard attempt to counter the 1965 economic slump
Cutting spending by 10%
Raising interest rates
Failed and he resigned in November 1966
Economic changes under Kiesinger
Stabilisation Law of June 1967
Allocation of funds to improve infrastructure
Central government gained more control over local taxation
Increase in direct taxation
Public spending cuts of 2000 million marks
Idea of concerted action- bringing together unions, employers and government
Economy in 1968
Unemployment decreased and industrial growth up to 6%
Concerted action
Trade unions, employers and government worked together to achieve harmony and maximise economic progress
When and what was the Emergencies law
1968
Gave German government power to appointed elected committee to rule by decree in times of crisis or civil unrest
Result of 1961 election
CDU/CSU majority decreases
Lost absolute majority
When was the Berlin Wall built
August 1961
Issues with Adenauer with building of Berlin Wall
Adenauer did not immediately come to Berlin, allowing Brandt to grow in prominence and attack Adenauer for “indifference”
Details of Adenauer deal after 1961 election
Adenauer remained chancellor due to deal with FDP on condition of Adenauers resignation after 2 years
Details and impact of Der Spiegel Affair
Defence minister Strauss ordered arrest of journalist and editors of Der Spiegel after they published an article criticising the Bundeswehr
Offices and houses searched by 36 policemen
Reminded German people of authoritarianism of Nazi era
Resignation of 5 FDP cabinet members
FDP demanded resignation of Strauss and Adenauer
When and what was the Schwabing riots
1962
Adenauer supported heavy police response against musicians playing music past 22:30
Led to protest of 5,000 students
When was the NDP formed and what did it do
1964
Far right, campaigned for reunification
Never reached 5% needed for Bundestag representation
When did Erhard become chancellor
1963
When was there a recession and what was the response
1965
Cut spending plans and raised interest rates
Planned to expand working day by an hour- quickly shut down
1966- inflation at 4%
Result and effect of 1966 local elections
July 1966
CDU/CSU lost election in the Rhineland- showed failing strength and increased internal tensions
Divisions over how to deal with economic issues- CDU/CSU wished to raise taxes, FDP cut spending
FDP resigned from coalition, leading to resignation of Erhard
Why did Erhard resign
CDU/CSU lost Rhineland election, showing fading strength
Conflict over how to deal with economic issues between CDU/CSU and FDP
Economic issues
When did Kiesinger become Chancellor
1966
What government did Kiesinger form
A grand coalition of CDU/CSU and SPD
Controlled 90% of the Reichstag
Why was Kiesinger criticised as a slip into authoritarianism
Criticised for his Nazi party membership in the past
GC caused some to be reminded of previous one party state
When was a legal communist party formed and what was it called
1968
DKP
How did the NPD do in 1967 local elections
Won 48 seats in 6 local elections
Result of 1969 election
FDP/SPD coalition beats CDU/CSU for the first time
Willy Brandt, SPD leader, becomes chancellor
