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German History > 1970s > Flashcards

1970s Flashcards

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1
Q

How did universities change in the 1970s

A

Expansion of women in universities opened up new possibilities for women

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2
Q

How many women were in paid employment in the 70s compared to 1950

A

Half of women in paid employment in the 1970s

Up from 25% in 1950

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3
Q

When was abortion made easier

A

June 1976

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4
Q

When was divorce made easier

A

1977

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5
Q

When and how was the German army opened to women

A

1975

Women could become officers but only in the musical and medical corps

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6
Q

What occurred at the Warsaw Ghetto memorial and why is it significant

A

Brandt, as chancellor, kneeled in front of the Warsaw Ghetto Memorial

Showed personal remorse for crimes against Jews from the heart of the German government

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7
Q

What happened at the Munich Olympics

A

1972 Munich Olympics
PLO terrorists murdered 11 Israeli athletes - public sympathy fully with Jewish athletes

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8
Q

When was there a TV series on the holocaust and how many people watched it

A

January 1979

Watched by 20 million- half of adult population

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9
Q

How many people were visiting dachau by the end of the 70s

A

5000 schools a year

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10
Q

How did average income change from 1970s to 1950

A

Increases by 400% - better standard of living

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11
Q

When was the educational support act and what did it do

A

1971

Aided poorer children to remain in education

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12
Q

How did university spending change between 1970 and 74

A

Increase of 300%

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13
Q

What did public opinion rally against in the 1970s

A

Lots of grievances against Gastarbeite- economic struggles led to issues with foreign workers

Growth of US influence- specifically US dominance of German defence policy

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14
Q

What was Brandts economic policy and what was its impact

A

Brandt expanded the welfare state of the FRG
Costs of these policies increased by over 10% - led to inflationary pressure

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15
Q

How did German banks help cause inflationary pressures

A

Increased lending
Strong value of the Deutschmark

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16
Q

When was the first oil crisis and what was its impact

A

1974
OPEC cut oil output, leading to a quadrupling of oil price in 1974
Resulted in unemployment reaching a million in 1975
1.4% fall in GDP
Led to a ban on Sunday driving

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17
Q

How did oil prices change due to the first oil crisis

A

Quadrupled in 1974

10/20x increase from the 60s start to end of 70s

18
Q

How did the economy affect the 1976 election

A

Worst of the oil crisis storm had passed, allowing Schmidt to win in 76 largely based on his economic results

19
Q

How had the job market changed by 1979

A

Another 100,000 jobs had been created

20
Q

How did Germanys economy fare throughout the 1970s

A

Inflation averaged 4.7% between 73-79, compared to Western European average of 11.7%
Unemployment never broke 8%
Germany furthered European links, being instrumental in introduction of ERM in 1979

Overall, fared better than most Western European countries

21
Q

German inflation between 73-79 and comparison to European rivals

A

Germany inflation averaged 4.7%

Western European average of 11.7%

22
Q

When was the ERM introduced

A

1979

23
Q

How did inflation change between 1971-73

A

Rising inflation, partly due to SPD welfare reform spending

24
Q

Cause and effects of first oil crisis

A

End of 73, OPEC decided to double price of crude oil
FRG faced paying 17 billion more DM per annum
Balance of payments defecit went from +$9.5 million to -$692 million in a year
Schmidt raised VAT and cut expenditure

25
Q

Cause and effects of second oil crisis

A

1979- Shah of Iran overthrown, leading to a collapse in Iranian oil production
Led to 150% increase on oil price between Dec 79 and May 80
Unemployment rose above 2 million
Fell into recession until 1980
Inflation lower than the rest of Western. Europe

26
Q

Liberalisation under Brandt

A

Lowering of voting age to 18
Laws against abortion and homosexuality relaxed
Censorship loosened
Criminal law reformed- greater emphasis on rehabilitation

27
Q

How did Brandt change education

A

Increased education spending- improved grants for poorer students to attend university

Improved social mobility

28
Q

What inflationary issues did Brandt face

A

Inflation continued to rise from 1972 onwards
Led to resignation of Finance Minister Schiller in 72

Oil crisis deepened issues

29
Q

Key points of Ostpolitik

A

Brandt changed attitudes towards GDR with a series of treaties and opening of communication
Symbolic action such as kneeling at Warsaw Ghetto memorial in Dec 1970 showed respect and humility to both sides
Awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 1971
November 1972 election turned into a referendum on Ostpolitik- SPD won largest vote share in history

30
Q

When did Brandt resign and who replaced him

A

1974

Replaced by Schmidt

31
Q

Result of 1976 election

A

SPD/FDP coalition under Schmidt remained in power despite the CDU/CSU being the largest party

32
Q

When was the Mogadishu incident

A

1977

33
Q

What was the Mogadishu incident

A

Terrorists hijack a Lufthansa plane seeking the release of RAF terrorist prisoners in Germany
Schmidt led a calm and measured response, resulting in release of hostages with minimal casualties

34
Q

Key reforms under Brandt

A

Rise in pensions
Educational provisions expanded
Job creation schemes
Factory management laws
Provisions for more social housing
Town planning measures
Promotion of railways

35
Q

November 1972 slogan of Brandt

A

“Vote for Willy, who else is there”

36
Q

Result of 1972 vote of no confidence

A

Brandt survived by 2 votes

Later emerged that it was due to bribery

37
Q

When and what was the Treaty of Moscow

A

1970

Renounced use of force and solidified European borders

38
Q

When and what was the Basic Treaty

A

1972

Opened relations between FRG and GDR for first time since division

39
Q

Why did Brandt resign

A

Key advisor revealed to have been an Eastern spy

40
Q

Political affiliation of Schmidt

A

Right leaning social democrat, similar to FDP

German History (9 decks)

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