1900-1918

Question 1

When was the miners strike

Answer 1

Jan 1900

Question 2

When was the army bill

Answer 2

1913

Question 3

When was the tariff reform

Answer 3

1902

Question 4

When was the medical insurance act

Answer 4

1914

Question 5

How did population change between 1800 and 1914

Answer 5

50 million to 67 million

Question 6

What were the issues with cartels in the German economy

Answer 6

Cartels generate addition societal hosts through increased market share for inefficient producers

Question 7

What was German steel output in 1914

Answer 7

17.6 million tons

Question 8

What were the key points of weltpolitik

Answer 8

To build the Germany of the Kaisers vision
Win colonies
Have German power respected abroad
Increase size of navy

Question 9

Why did Weltpolitik cause issues

Answer 9

Concerns from socialists in the Reichstag about who was paying for weltpolitik

Question 10

How did the Eulenberg affair show the kaiserreich was only semi- absolutist

Answer 10

Eulenbergs dismissal showed that the Kaiser was beholden to others

Question 11

What was the Daily Telegraph affair

Answer 11

Kaisers interview with the Daily Telegraph suggested that he wanted closer alliance with England

Bulow allowed interview to be published

Question 12

What were the affects of the Daily Telegraph affair

Answer 12

Reichstag complained as not notified before the announcement

Kaiser felt betrayed by Bulow

Led to Bulow resignation following year

Question 13

When was the daily telegraph affair

Answer 13

1908

Question 14

What was the result of the 1912 Reichstag election

Answer 14

SPD became largest party with 110 deputies

Question 15

Why did the SPD majority struggle to pass legislation

Answer 15

Only the progressive liberals would work with them

Question 16

Why did the SPD support the army bill

Answer 16

Didn’t want to repeat mistakes after Herero uprising

Being unpatriotic cost them votes before

Thought it might give a precedent for more progressive taxation

Question 17

What was the impact of the army bill

Answer 17

Reich debt reached 5 billion marks by 1914

Helped lead to financial crisis post WWI

Question 18

What was the Zabern affair

Answer 18

A German officer insulted the local Alsatians leading to a crowd gathering outside the army barracks

Crowd were imprisoned by soldiers, leading to protests

Kaiser didn’t intervene as he considered it a military affair

Question 19

Impact of the Zabern affair

Answer 19

Vote of no confidence in the Chancellor but Bethmann remained as only Kaiser could dismiss chancellor

Shows kaisers blind loyalty to the ant

Chancellor could ignore Reichstag if he held support of Kaiser

Reichstag was impotent in direct conflict

Question 20

When was the Zabern affair

Answer 20

November 1913

Question 21

What was burgfreide

Answer 21

Political truce between all the major parties

Question 22

When did bread rationing begin

Answer 22

January 1915

Question 23

What was ersatz

Answer 23

Alternative foods

Question 24

Give two examples of ersatz food

Answer 24

Coffee from tree bark

Turnips rather than potatoes

Question 25

Give an example of the destabilisation in Germany

Answer 25

Growth in black market due to food shortages 1/5 to 1/3rd of food could be obtained through illegal channels

Question 26

What was the winter of 1916-17 known as

Answer 26

Turnip winter

Question 27

How many children died or hunger in 1916

Answer 27

80,000

Question 28

How did the youth crime rate change in Germany during WWI

Answer 28

Doubled

Question 29

Female mortality rate in 1917

Answer 29

30%

Question 30

What affected the production of German industry

Answer 30

Raw material shortages

Question 31

How much of the industrial workforce was female at the end of WW1

Answer 31

1/3

Question 32

How did working conditions change during the war

Answer 32

Working hours increased People fighting on the front lines led to a decrease in working population

Question 33

When was the Auxillary Service law

Answer 33

December 1916

Question 34

What did the Auxiliary Service law do

Answer 34

Made it law for German males 17-60 to work for the war effort if required

Question 35

Why was the auxiliary service law implemented

Answer 35

To deal with industrial labour shortages Less effective as there were not that many men not already in employment of army

Question 36

What concessions were given to trade unions during WW1

Answer 36

Right to collective bargaining Union official allowed to sit on factory boards

Question 37

When was the Imperial Grain Corporation founded

Answer 37

January 1915

Question 38

How did Germany regulate food shortages

Answer 38

Over 40 different bodies set up by the Bundestag to administer the rationing and distribution of food

Question 39

Why did Germanys method of food control fall short

Answer 39

These corporations competed with federal, state and regional governments to administer food

Question 40

When was the War Nutrition office founded

Answer 40

1916

Question 41

What prior failures led to the war nutrition office

Answer 41

To counter the grain crisis, 9 million pigs slaughtered as they consumed grain and feed Led to pork and fertiliser shortage

Question 42

How did Germany finance the war

Answer 42

Printed more money Encouraged people to buy War bonds- seen as secure and money would be returned when Germany won the wat

Question 43

Why did Germany not raise taxes to fund the war

Answer 43

Putting the financial burden of the war on the rich was seen as politically risky

Question 44

When did the British naval blockade of Germany start

Answer 44

February 1915

Question 45

How did the British blockade affect Germany

Answer 45

Severely limited ability to import raw materials and food

Question 46

How did the Germany economy change over the war years

Answer 46

Shrunk by 1/3rd

Question 47

What happened to German industrial production over the war

Answer 47

Dropped to 40% of pre war levels

Question 48

What was the affect of burgfriede

Answer 48

Laws for necessary loans passed unanimously Lulled German people into false sense of security

Question 49

Why did the SPD support burgfriede

Answer 49

Thought it would give them political recognition Thought it would increase long term odds of German democracy

Question 50

When did burgfriede start to falter

Answer 50

After the deaths at Verdun and Somme in 1916

Question 51

What was the Reichstag Peace Resoltion

Answer 51

Centre party deputy calls for negotiated peace without territorial gain Reichstag passed resolution

Question 52

What was the impact of the Reichstag Peace Resolution

Answer 52

Illustrated increasing polarisation between groups which supported peace without victory and those in favour of siegfriede Led to resignation of Bethamnn-Hollweg

Question 53

What shortages hit Germany in the war

Answer 53

Food, fuel and clothing

Question 54

How many children died of hypothermia in 1916

Answer 54

121, 000

Question 55

Mortality between 1 and 5 during the war

Answer 55

Increased by 50%

Question 56

How much trade was done on the black market in WW1 Germany

Answer 56

35% of all trade

Question 57

How many died in WW1

Answer 57

1.8 million

Question 58

Why did total war fail in WW1

Answer 58

Lack of increase in munitions production Lack of support from key interest groups Difficulty in mobilising civilians Large peacetime debt prevented extent total war could occur

Question 59

How did landowners do during WW1

Answer 59

Property rights left mainly untouched

Question 60

Why did the German war economy collapse

Answer 60

Struggles in the home front Reduced workforce led to reduced industrial productivity and reduced agriculture British blockade led to food shortages

Question 61

How did real wages change during WW1

Answer 61

Fell 20-30%

Question 62

How did industry fair during WW1

Answer 62

Industry made vast profits, and began to be resented by ordinary Germans

Question 63

How did the value of the mark change between 1913 and 1918

Answer 63

Dropped 75%

Question 64

What was the cost of war to Germany

Answer 64

$38 billion

Question 65

When did Wilhelm resign

Answer 65

November 1918

Question 66

What was the stab in the back myth

Answer 66

The belief from some soldiers that Germany did not lose the war, but was betrayed by the countries elites

Question 67

What was the Kiel mutiny

Answer 67

Where the German navy were given suicidal orders to attack the British navy, but refused to attack Resulted in a naval mutiny and the end of the war Spread to towns and military bases

Question 68

When was the Kiel mutiny

Answer 68

October 1918

Question 69

Who announced the Kaisers abdication

Answer 69

Prince Max

Question 70

Why did Wilhelm resign

Answer 70

Dwindling support on the streets and in his inner circle Met with Groener and von Hindenburg who told him army could no longer offer support

Question 71

Who was appointed chancellor in November 1918

Answer 71

Ebert

Question 72

Why was Ebert appointed

Answer 72

He was leader of the SPD, Germanys largest political party Member of Badens cabinet Appointment of moderate SPD figure was intended to keep all parties happy

Question 73

What was the two republics

Answer 73

Philip Scheidemann called for a new workers German republic

Question 74

What systems did the Kiel mutiny create

Answer 74

Led to the formation of workers and soldiers councils