19. Viral pathogenesis

Question 1

What does nature of the disease depend on

Answer 1

Viral tropism

Question 2

What does severity of the disease depend on

Answer 2

Viral strain, amount of inoculated virus and health, genetic and immune status of the host

Question 3

Can same symptoms be caused by different viruses

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

What are the stages of the disease

Answer 4

1.INFECTION RESERVOIR SOURCE OF PATHOGENS
2.TRANSMISSION OF THE PATHOGEN
3.HOST INVASION
4.PATHOGENESIS

Question 5

What do stages of the disease enable?

Answer 5

These steps not only enable the development of disease in the single
individual, but also determine the transmission of the
microorganism and therefore its perpetuation

Question 6

What is the pathogenic action of the virus

Answer 6

The pathogenic action of the virus is the result of the interaction of the virus with its host

Question 7

How can diseases be classified based of gravity and duration

Answer 7

Acute and persistent( chronic and latent)

Question 8

What’s acute disease

Answer 8

ACUTE: DEVELOPS RAPIDLY AND LASTS ONLY FOR A SHORT PERIOD (E.G., FLU)

Question 9

What’s persistent disease

Answer 9

PERSISTENT: LASTS FOR A LONG PERIOD

Question 10

What’s latent disease

Answer 10

LATENT: THE VIRUS REMAINS INACTIVE FOR A CERTAIN PERIOD, THEN IT IS ABLE TO REACTIVATE
AND SHOW THE SYMPTOMS OF THE DISEASE

Question 10

What’s chronic disease

Answer 10

CHRONIC: IT DEVELOPS SLOWER AND THE BODY MAY BE AFFECTED IN A LESS OBVIOUS WAY
THAN THE ACUTE DISEASE BUT THE DISEASE WILL LAST LONGER AND WILL TEND TO SHOW UP
(E.G. HEPATITIS B/C)

Question 11

When does asymtpomatic/inapparent infection occurs

Answer 11

*infected tissue is not damaged
*the infection is cleared before the virus reaches the
target tissue
*the target tissue is expendable
* The target tissue is quickly repaired
*the extent of the damage is below the dysfunction
threshold for that particular tissue

Question 12

How can infection be classified based on the degree of involvement of the guest

Answer 12

Local and systemic

Question 13

What are the routes of viral access to the human body

Answer 13

• SKIN
  *RESPIRATORY TRACT
  *GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT
  *UROGENITAL TRACT
• EYE

Question 14

What’s local infection

Answer 14

• LOCAL INFECTION: OCCURS WHEN THE INVASION OF THE VIRUS IS
  LIMITED TO A RELATIVELY SMALL AREA OF THE BODY

Question 15

What’s systematic infection

Answer 15

• SYSTEMIC INFECTION: INFECTION SPREADS THROUGHOUT THE
  BODY THROUGH THE CIRCULATORY OR LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Question 16

What’s viremia

Answer 16

• VIREMIA: PRESENCE OF VIRUSES IN THE BLOOD

Question 17

What does replication of the virus at the site of entry lead to

Answer 17

VERY LIMITED
DAMAGE TO THE INFECTED SUBJECT
(PRODROMAL SYMPTOMS, SOMETIMES
TYPICAL

Question 18

What’s communicable disease

Answer 18

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE: DISEASE THAT SPREADS FROM ONE HOST TO
ANOTHER (EITHER DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY)

Question 19

What’s contagious disease

Answer 19

CONTAGIOUS DISEASES: DISEASES WHICH ARE EASILY TRANSMITTED
FROM ONE HOST TO ANOTHER. EXAMPLE: FLU, MEASLES

Question 20

What’s non-contagious disease

Answer 20

NON-CONTAGIOUS DISEASES: DISEASES THAT DO NOT TRANSMIT EASILY
FROM ONE HOST TO ANOTHER. EXAMPLE: WEST NILE VIRUS

Question 21

What are living reservoirs that virus needs to survive in the population

Answer 21

They are CONTINUOUS SOURCE OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS WHICH CAN BE
REPRESENTED BY LIVING BEINGS IS ESSENTIAL
LIVING RESERVOIRS
* HUMAN
* ANIMALS

Question 22

What can humans be as carriers

Answer 22

HEALTHY OR ASYMPTOMATIC CARRIERS

Question 23

How are diseases transmitted from animal to human called

Answer 23

Zoonoses

Question 24

How can viral infection be transmitted

Answer 24

By contact, conveyed or be vector-born