Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

body systems > 19. mechanics of breathing > Flashcards

19. mechanics of breathing Flashcards

1
Q

what are two forces that provide resistance to breathing

A

lung compliance- the ease with which the lungs can be expanded
airway resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what affects compliance (3)

A

elasticity of lung tissue-connective tissue structure
mobility of chest wall/ thoracic cage
surface tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

does elastic recoil (returning to normal shape) of the lung aid or oppose inspiration

A

opposes inspiration, aids expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

airway resistance

A

if the diameter of the bronchiole is affect, opposes both inspiration and expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

formula for compliance

A

change in volume / change in pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is surface tension caused by

A

intermolecular forces between molecules in a liquid

thin fluid layer between alveolar cells and the air is being stretched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what equation links pressure, surface tension and the radius of an alveolus together

A

P=2T/r

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is Laplaces law

A

at equilibrium the tendency of increased pressure to expand the alveolus balances the tendency of surface tension to collapse it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the function of pulmonary surfactant

A

reduces the surface tension increasing compliance

equalises the pressure differences between small sized and large sized alveoli so both can expand and contract easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

surfactant help to keep uniform alveolar size. it is more concentrated in ______ alveoli

A

smaller

lower surface tension means easier to inflate smaller alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

A

lack of surfactant secretion in premature babies, which results in reduced compliance and alveoli collapse upon exhalation
it is also difficult to inflate the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

factors affecting airway resistance (2)

A

lung volume-bronchi dilate as lungs expand
bronchial smooth muscle
bronchoconstriction-parasympathetic nerves
bronchodilation-sympathetic nerves and adrenaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what stimuli causes reflex bronchoconstriction

A

smoke dust irritants

histamine (allergic response)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how can we measure airway resistance

A

FEV1 / FVC x 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is FVC

A

forcibly breathing out vital capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is FEV1

A

forced expiratory volume in one second

17
Q

breath sounds can tell us

A

the presence of mucus/fluid

if no breath sounds, collapsed lung?

18
Q

what does a peak flow meter do

A

measure the speed at which you breathe out

19
Q

how can we measure lung volumes and capacities

A

a spirometer

20
Q

what is the tidal volume TV

A

the volume of air inhaled or exhaled in one quiet breath

21
Q

residual volume RV

A

is the volume of air left in the lungs after a normal passive exhalation

22
Q

expiratory reserve volume ERV

A

the amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation

23
Q

inspiratory reserve volume IRV

A

amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation

24
Q

vital capacity VC

A

the maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiratory effort
VC=TV + IRV + ERV

25
Q

inspiratory capacity IC

A

the maximum amount of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration
IC= TV + IRV

26
Q

functional residual capacity FRC

A

volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal expiration
FRC= RV + ERV

27
Q

total lung capacity TLC

A

maximum amount of air contained in lungs after a maximum inspiratory effort
TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV

28
Q

respiratory rate

A

the number of breaths per minute

29
Q

formula for pulmonary ventilation rate/ respiratory minute volume (amount of air moved per minute)

A

tidal volume x breathing frequency

30
Q

why does not all the tidal volume reach the alveolar exchange surfaces

A

anatomical dead space, there is volume of air in conducting passages that doesn’t participate in gas exchange

31
Q

what is the alveolar ventilation

A

the amount of air reaching alveoli each minute

respiratory rate x (TV - anatomical dead space)

32
Q

what can lead to having a larger lung volume

A 
male 
taller 
athletes 
people living at high altitudes 
non smokers

body systems (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions