19 Anthocyanins Flashcards
Anthocyanin’s are a class of…
flavonoids ... which are a class of phytochemicals
What are Anthocynins
water soluble plant pigments
- pigmentation of flowers and fruits
- red, pink, purple, blue
Anthocyanin food sources
strawberries cherries cranberries raspberries blueberries black currants - fruits, veggies and grains of the colours red, pink, purple and blue
Anthocyanin vs Anthocyanidins
glycoside vs algycone forms (respectively)
What form of anthocyanin overestimates its mass?
glycoside
- glucose attached
Purpose of anthocyanin’s colour in humans
Enhance enjoyment of eating
* may protect against disease
Human bioavailability of anthocyanin?
only 0.05% consumed anthocyanin is recovered in urine
- highlights relavence of metabolites identified or unidentified
Athocyanins health effects?
- inhibit HMG-CoA Reductase
- rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis (HD) - Antioxident
- quench free radicals (oxidative stress - Anti-inflammatory
- Reduce Blood Pressure
- mostly blueberries and strawberries - inhibit alpha-glucosidase
- starch digestion (diabetes)
Anthocyanins as an antioxidant
most abundant antioxidant in the body
- dietary intake up to 1g per day
- much higher than any other antioxidant
Anthocyanin structure
aglycone backbone + sugar group
- backbone: anthocyanidine
how many naturally occurring anthocyanins are there?
over 600
what determines the colour intensity of anthocyanin?
pH
acidic -> red
neutal -> blue
basic -> yellow
Examples of red coloured food that DONT have anthocyanin?
Beats and Red Peppers
Bioactivity definition
- why is it important to understand?
specific health effects
- ex lower cholesterol
Importance
role food plays in health
mechanism of action
inform dietary recommendations
Bioavailability definition
- why is it important to understand?
how much is absorbed and utilized
- appearance in biological fluid
Importance
- whether bioactive effects can take place
- can asses magnitude of effect in vivo
- mechanism of action
