14 Flavonoids Flashcards

1
Q

Phytochemical definition

A

natural chemicals found in plants
generally non-nutritive
physiologically active components
disease prevention

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2
Q

Flavonoids are a subclass of?

A

polyphenols

  • secondary metabolites of plants
  • essential to plant physiology
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3
Q

Common structural feature of polyphenols?

A

aromatic rings with atlas one hydroxyl group

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4
Q

most abundant polyphenols in food

A

phenolic acids and flavonoids

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5
Q

Why such a large variability in polyphenols in food?

A
light
genetic factos
environment
germination
degree of ripeness
variety
processing
storage
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6
Q

Vitamin P

A

Flavonoids

- P for pigment

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7
Q

Flavonoids enhance what vitamin

A

Vit C

- improves absorption, and protects from oxidation

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8
Q

Flavonoids are ubiquitis

A

present in most plants

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9
Q

Basic structure of flavonoids

A

2 aromatic rings (OH hydroxyl arising from both)

  • one arising from acetate pathway
  • one from shikimate pathway

center ring determines class of flavonoid

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10
Q

6 classes of flavonoids **

A
flavones
flavonoles
flavanones
flavanols
anthocyanidins
isoflavones
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11
Q

flavonoids food sources

A

widely distributed

  • fruits, veges, tea, cocoa, wine
  • one outer part of plant, lower conc towards center
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12
Q

flavonoids are usually attached/conjugated to..

A

carbohydrate moieties

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13
Q

purpose of glycoside form (glycosylation)

A

increases polarity

necessary for storage in plant vacuoles

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14
Q

Main biological effects of flavonoids

A
  1. anti-oxidant
  2. hormonal/anti-hormonal
    - isoflavone
  3. anti-proliferation
    - cancer

many others

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15
Q

Major disease related effects

A

cancer
CVD

others: aging, diabetes, etc
- virtually anything related to oxidative stress

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