18a Female reproductive Flashcards
Diamond-shaped region between the pubic arch and coccyx
Bordered by the ischial tuberosities laterally
Perineum
Erectile tissue hooded by the prepuce
The exposed portion is called the glans
Clitoris (homologous to the penis)E
hair-free skin folds lying within the labia majora; homologous to the ventral penis
Labia minora
elongated, hair-covered, fatty skin folds homologous to the male scrotum
Labia majora
round, fatty area overlying the pubic symphysis
Mons pubis
Not present in all females
Source of Female ejaculation
Skene’s gland
Greater vestibular
Pea-size glands flanking the vagina
Homologous to the bulbourethral glands
Keep the vestibule moist and lubricated
(Bartholin’s) glands
Vagina
Wall consists of three coats
- Fibroelastic adventitia
- Smooth muscle muscularis
- Stratified squamous mucosa
Mucosa near the vaginal orifice forms an incomplete partition called the
hymen
upper end of the vagina surrounding the cervix
Vaginal fornix
Thin-walled tube lying between the bladder and the rectum, extending from the cervix to the exterior of the body
The urethra is embedded in the anterior wall
Provides a passageway for birth, menstrual flow, and is the organ of copulation
Vagina
Day 1 (Ovarian Cycle)
FSH released
The cycle starts anew
decline of the progesterone and estrogen results in sloughing of the endometrium and the beginning of menese
Days 26-28 (Ovarian Cycle)
maintains the thickness of the endometrium
Progesterone
transforms the ruptured follicle into a corpus luteum, which produces inhibin, progesterone, and estrogen
LH
Day 14
LH triggers Ovulation
matures the ovum
Estrogen
stimulates the egg to develop
FSH
mucosal lining of the uterine cavity (where implantation of fertilized egg takes place).
Has numerous uterine glands that change in length as the endometrial thickness changes- two layers: Stratum functionalis and Stratum basalis
Endometrium
Undergoes cyclic changes in response to ovarian hormones
Is shed during menstruation
Stratum functionalis
Forms a new functionalis after menstruation ends
Does not respond to ovarian hormones
Stratum basalis
lies between the rectum and the uterus
Rectouterine pouch
lies between the bladder and the uterus
Vesicouterine pouch
bind the anterior wall to the labia majora
Round ligaments
portion of the broad ligament that supports the uterus laterally
Mesometrium
secrete mucus that covers the external os and blocks sperm entry except during midcycle
Cervical glands
cavity of the cervix that communicates with:
The vagina via the external os
The uterine body via the internal os
Cervical canal
narrow neck which projects into the vagina inferiorly
Cervix
narrowed region between the body of uterus and cervix
Isthmus
rounded region superior to the entrance of the uterine tubes
Fundus
major portion of the uterus
Body
Hollow, thick-walled musclular organ located in the pelvis anterior to the rectum and posterosuperior to the bladder
Uterus
Nonciliated cells keep the oocyte and the sperm nourished and moist
Uterine Tubes
Receive the ovulated oocyte and provide a site for fertilization
Empty into the superolateral region of the uterus via the isthmus
Expand distally around the ovary forming the ampulla
The ampulla ends in the funnel-shaped, ciliated infundibulum containing fingerlike projections called fimbriae
Uterine Tubes (Fallopian Tubes) and Oviducts
occurs when the ovary wall ruptures and expels the secondary oocyte. ejection of the oocyte from the ripening folliclealternates ovaries every month
Ovulation
a twinge of pain sometimes felt at ovulation
Mittelschmerz
called the White Body
Corpus Albicans
ruptured follicle after ovulation
called the Yellow Body
Corpus Luteum
secondary follicle at its most mature stage that bulges from the surface of the ovary
Graafian follicle
has a fluid-filled space to form a central antrum
Secondary follicle
two or more layers of cells enclose the oocyte
Primary follicle
one layer of cells surrounding the oocyte
Primordial follicle
Each follicle consists of an immature egg called an
oocyte
ovarian arteries and the ovarian branch of the uterine artery
Blood Supply
contains the suspensory ligament and the mesovarium
Broad ligament
suspends the ovary from the fallopian tubes
Mesovarium
anchors the ovary laterally to the pelvic wall
Suspensory ligament
anchors the ovary medially to the uterus
Ovarian ligament
external sex organs
External genitalia
ovaries and the internal ducts
Internal genitalia
Accessory ducts include
uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina
