1860-1869

Question 1

1860

Answer 1

London Trades Council established - Had leaders from ASE and ASCJ (formed in 1860) and had 100,000 affiliates by 1866 to represent working people in London
Chartism ends
Period of economic prosperity due to trade with North America
Factory Act passed - Extended existing regulations to Bleaching and dye industries

Question 2

1861

Answer 2

Population 31 million - Mainly in industrial towns and cities
Cotton famine - US civil war causes supply of raw cotton to drop
Gladstone visits textile workers in Lancashire - Convinces him they deserve the vote

Question 3

1863

Answer 3

251 shops with Rochdale principles - Expansion of Rochdale shop to allow overseas trading
Co-Operative Wholesale Society set up

Question 4

1864

Answer 4

Reform Union formed - South the extend franchise to all male rate payers, promote equal distribution of seats and establish secret ballot. Made of liberal-minded middle class employers eg, Samuel Morley (Later became a MP)
Factory Act passed - Extends existing restrictions to pottery and paper industry

Question 5

1865

Answer 5

Reform League formed - Members of working class who had more radical aims, universal suffrage. Attracted ex Chartists and trade unionists 
Death of Lord Palmerston - He was an anti-reformist PM

Question 6

1866

Answer 6

Sanitary Act passed - Made sanitary inspections compulsory for local corporations and keep records, made careless quarantine punishable.
138 delegates meet and produce UK alliance of Organised Trades - UKAOT organised by William Dronfield in order to raise funds for strikes, collapses year later
100 More workhouses Built in last 15 years
154 Joint stock banks with 800 branches
Sheffield Outrages - Series of violent actions of Saw Grinders including explosions and murder of employers paid by UKAOT
Refom bill not passed in parliament - Gladstone attempts reform proposing increasing franchise by 200,000 skilled workers by reducing qualification to £7, and counties £50 to £14 - 140,000 voters
Hyde Park Riots - When reform bill not passed, Reform League hold illegal meeting in Hyde Park

Question 7

1867

Answer 7

Bradford Boilermaker’s funds stolen, treasurer got away with stealing funds; created need for larger amalgamated unions
Royal Commission on Trade Unions - Commission produce 2 reports ( Majority and Minority), first suggested some restrictive legislation such as separation of general and strike funds, the second suggested full legalization with protection of funds - minority report put in place
Glasgow’s trade council campaign leads to Master and Servant act - Limited imprisonment to “aggravated” breaches of contract, still 10,000 prosecutions a year.
Reform Act- Passed by Disraeli ; 7 boroughs disenfranchised, 45 seats taken from boroughs with under 10,000 people, and redistributed (25 to counties, 20 to boroughs), 6 boroughs got and extra seat, franchise extended
Metropolitan act - Making poor houses require and infirmary, and improved medical facilities.

Question 8

1868

Answer 8

Nicholson invites general trades to congress with 34 delegates representation 1.1million - Start of TUC
Disraeli loses election after reform act

Question 9

1969

Answer 9

Charity organisation established - Aimed to be more objective in distributing assistance, so would distinguish deserving poor who needed long term help