1830-1839 Flashcards
1830
Swing Riots begin - Product of two bad harvests, started in south, threshing machines destroyed. Riots were surprising.
Ten hour movement begins - George Bull Oastler, mass meeting and petitions support by Michael Sadler and Lord Ashley
200 Petitions to government demanding tax reductions
Weak Tory government can’t be maintained so Whigs take power under Earl Grey
1831
Middle class population 214,000 - grew by 34% sine 1816
32,000 killed in cholera outbreak sunderland - Epidemics common due to insufficient sanitation measures in growing industrial towns
Birmingham population 144,000 and man chest population of 182,000 had no Mps - Extent of unequal representation
Riots in Bristol, nottingham and Derby - Result of first and second reform bill proposed and rejected by peers
1832
Labour exchange Bazaar set up - Lasting for two years, goods would be exchanged for credit notes, equal to hours of work. Occurred in London (National equitable Labour exchange 1832, and Birmingham 1833
500 Co- Operative stores
Royal commission on poor relief - 9 commissioners made recommendations on how to improve poor relief, resulted in significant changes, e.g. removal of outdoor relief
‘ Days of May’ Public withdrew £1.8 million in 10 days in response to return of Tories
Carlton Club and Reform Club formed - Aimed to improve organisation and effectiveness of Tory/Whig party
Great Reform act passed - 56 Boroughs disenfranchised; 30 boroughs lost 1 MP; 42 new boroughs; Counties votes increased. Registration for voting (start of campaigning), franchised increased 366,000 to 650,000 (18% of adult male)
1833
300 million cotton imported - Made Britain a world leader in manufacturing. Employs 833,000 people
Factory act passed - Improves working conditions for Children ; Under 9’s couldn’t work; limited hours for other groups ; 2 hours of education a day.
Abolition of slavery - Government paid compensation to slave owners in millions, many still ‘apprentices’
Cotton industry made Britain world leader in Manufacturing
1834
Grand National Consolidated Trades Union established, - Had 1 million members and lasted a year, led to use of the document, couldn’t fund strikes, as only 16,000 paid membership fees
Tolpuddle martyrs- Convicted for searing a secret, sent to Australia for hard labour, charged repealed 1937
Poor Law Amendment Act passed - Set up a central authority, grouped parishes together, less ‘eligibility’, discouraging outdoor relief
1835
Municipal Corporations Act passed - Before this act, councils had power to control utilities, act nationalised so state controlled, no longer oligarchies
‘Money or blood’ riots in kent - Workhouse attacked by a mob of 200
Riots in East Anglia - Riots over new poor law
1836
Workhouse system well established in south - People were out of work for longer periods of time
London Working Men’s Association founded - Beginning of Chartist movement, with members including Henry Heatherington and Thomas Attwood
1837
Trade depression in north - Massive unemployment
Riots in Bradford - Against poor law and bad economy
Board of Guardians refuse to elect an Administrator in Hudderfield - They enforced the poor law, this shows how bad the poor law was organised
Charles Dickens published Oliver Twist - Serial novel, affordable and relatable, changed public view of the poor
1838
Outdoor Relief reintroduced in Yorkshire and Lancashire - Cheaper to subsidies outdoor relief (2s) instead of work houses (4s)
‘Peoples’s Charter’ published and Chartism begins - Six points for political reform: No property qualification for Mps; Payment of MPs; Secret ballot; Universal male suffrage; Annual parliament; equal representation
1839
Marquess of Bute investment builds Cardiff docks - Significance of banking for economy, landed aristocracy invested in infrastructure
First Chartist petition presented to Parliament - 1,300,000 signatures and rejected by a vote of 235 to 46
‘Sacred Month’ - Chartists involved in 3 day general strike, protests and meetings and riots
Newport Rising - 500 miners clashed with troops, 20 dead
Between 1839-41, 500 Chartists held in prison
12,600 back to back houses in Nottinham - Very poor, cheap living conditions
