18.3

Question 1

New methods in gene editing

Answer 1

CRISPR/Cas9 system
-bacterial “immune response”
-nobel prize awarded in 2020

Question 2

CRISPR/Cas9 as a bacterial immune response

Answer 2

1st viral infection
2nd viral infection

Question 3

1st viral infection

Answer 3

-viral DNA fragments collected and incorporated into bacterial genome
-viral DNA library called CRISPR

Question 4

2nd viral infection

Answer 4

-RNA from CRISPR library serves as guide of where to cut
-Cas9 endonuclease cuts new viral DNA
-Re-infection from virus prevented

Question 5

CRISPR/Cas9 as gene editing tool

Answer 5

inject into cell
DNA can be changed

Question 6

inject into cell

Answer 6

guide RNA
Cas9 “scissors”
New DNA sequence

Question 7

DNA can be

Answer 7

Deleted
inserted
single base pairs mutated

Question 8

gene therapy

Answer 8

-alters the genes of cells within or outside of the body
-targets genetic diseases
Ex: sickle cell anemia, HIV

Question 9

Gene editing in somatic cells

Answer 9

cannot make egg and sperm
risks and benefits limited to individual

Question 10

gene editing in germline cells

Answer 10

can go on to make egg and sperm
risks and benefits will impact individual as well as offspring
evolution impacted

Question 11

implications to planet

Answer 11

gene editing outcomes can be
postive, negative, or unpredicatable