1820's - Sheet1 Flashcards
The Missouri Compromise
1820 federal statute from Henry Clay. Entered slave state Missouri with free state Maine, and banned slavery north of the parallel 36°30′ north.
United States presidential election, 1820
James Monroe was reelected virtually unopposed. The Federalists did not name a candidate, they were became irrelevant on the national stage despite managing local elections in New England. Public sentiment was good, despite the ongoing economic panic. Voter turnout was low in states that had popular votes.
First Vision
The first vision of Mormon leader Joseph Smith, Jr., which he received in the Spring of 1820.
1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane
A destructive hurricane which made landfall in New York City.
Santa Fe Trail
Pioneered in 1821, an important transportation route between Missouri and New Mexico until the railroad in 1880, it accelerated economic development and growth in the southwest. The Comanches were originally important trading partners, but by the 1840s, the traffic had disrupted the buffalo’s grazing patterns, hastening their extinction, and the decline of the Comanches.
Denmark Vesey
A freed slave who was hanged for plotting a slave revolt, he became a hero for black abolitionists.
The Rocky Mountain Fur Company
Originally known as Ashley’s Hundred. Led Northwest expeditions with the purpose of trapping beavers during the 1820s, in competition with the American Fur Company. Dissolved in 1834, due to a shrinking beaver population and changed in public taste and style.
Liberia
Nation founded in 1821 during the Back-to-Africa movement. The American Colonization Society sponsored the return of freed black Americans to their ancestral homeland. The nation’s capital is Monrovia, a reference to Pres. James Monroe.
Arikara War
(1823) A brief war fought between the United States and Arikara Native Americans in South Dakota, the first of many engagements with Western Native American tribes.
Lone Horn
He was chief of the Minneconjou Lakota from 1790-1877.
Monroe Doctrine
An American policy introduced in 1823 which decried any European interference in the burgeoning region of Latin America.
A Visit from St. Nicholas
AKA “‘Twas the Night Before Christmas,” it was an 1823 American poem which created many of the modern perceptions of Santa Claus.
Tribal sovereignty
The inherent authority of indigenous tribes to govern themselves. It was a precedent established by jurisprudence during the onset of Manifest Destiny.
A. B. plot
A political scandal 1823-24 involving a Sen. Edwards from Illinois and William H. Crawford, Sec. of the Treasury. Sen. Edwards published anonymous letters lambasting Crawford and demanded he be removed for his economic policies. A congressional committee exonerated Crawford and Edwards political career was ruined.
U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs
Formed by Henry C. Calhoun in 1824 without authority from Congress.
Pushmataha
A respected leader of the Choctaw tribe, buried with full military honors in Washington.
Half-Breed Tract
A segment of land designated specifically for “mixed bloods,” people of European and Native American descent, during the 19th century.
United States presidential election, 1824
Signaling the definite end of the “Era of Good Feelings.” The nation had grown resentful of the King Caucus, in which the Democratic-Republican party would essentially choose the president. At the caucus, the Democratic-Republicans selected William Crawford, unpopular stroke victim, who ran against Democratic-Republicans Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, and Henry Clay. This was the first election in which a large majority of electors were chosen by votes. With no outright majority in the electoral college, despite Jackson’s large margins of victory, the House elected John Quincy Adams, who met privately with many congressmen, and was aided by Speaker of the House Henry Clay. Clay was appointed Secretary of State which led Jacksonians to cry “corrupt bargain.”
The Corrupt Bargain
During the election of 1824, John Quincy Adams was given the presidency by Henry Clay over Andrew Jackson. Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, became Secretary of State under Adams leading many to believe there was a plot between the two.
Treaty of Indian Springs
1825- A treaty in which the Creek Indians ceded land to the state of Georgia. It was narrowly approved by Congress and disgruntled Creeks lead by Menawa murdered William McIntosh, who signed the treaty on their behalf.
Kaw Nation
Land occupied by Kaw Indians which they ceded to the United States, forming the Kansas Territory.
Treaty of Prairie du Chien
(1825) Several treaties signed between Americans and Native Americans helping the United States gain land in Wisconsin.
Treaty of Washington (1826)
The Creeks ceded much of their land in Georgia to the federal government.
The American Temperance Society
A popular group formed in 1826 committed to abolitionism, temperance, and women’s rights.
