1800-1809 - Sheet1 Flashcards
Report of 1800
A resolution drafted by James Madison in which he supported the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, supporting the sovereignty of the states against the Alien and Sedition Acts. When these arguments were applied by South Carolina in the Nullification Crisis of 1832, Madison argued they were misinterpreting his scholarship.
United States presidential election, 1800
Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) vs. John Adams (Federalist) A.K.A. the “Revolution of 1800” Chief political issues included: Taxes used to support the Quasi-War and the Alien and Sedition Acts. There was a split in the Federalist party between Hamilton and Adams. Jefferson and Aaron Burr won the same amount of electoral votes in a tie engineered by the Democratic-Republicans, however, Burr refused to concede, and the vote went to the House of Representatives which eventually elected Jefferson president and Aaron Burr vice president. The electors were chosen by the state legislatures, so there was no popular vote yet.
Treaty of Mortefontaine
Or the Convention of 1800, the treaty which ended the Quasi-War, and ended the diplomatic relationship period between the U.S. and France.
John Marshall
Chief Justice appointed in 1801, one of the foremost Federalists of his day. His court opinions helped lay the basis for United States constitutional law and many say made the Supreme Court of the United States a coequal branch of government along with the legislative and executive branches, by establishing federal judicial review.
Contingent election of 1801
An electoral tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr is resolved, when Jefferson is elected President of the United States and Burr Vice President by the United States House of Representatives. The Federalists try to throw the election to Burr to spite Jefferson, but Pres. Adams’s endorsement of Jefferson sways them otherwise.
First Barbary War
A war between the United States and the Barbery States started by them in 1801-1805 during Jefferson’s presidency.
Interchangeable parts
A system of crafting firearms patented by Eli Whitney in 1801.
The Louisiana Purchase
The purchase of Louisiana from the French for $15 million, completed under Jefferson’s presidency. Before the purchase was finalized, the decision faced Federalist Party opposition; they argued that it was unconstitutional to acquire any territory. Jefferson agreed that the U.S. Constitution did not contain explicit provisions for acquiring territory, but he asserted that his constitutional power to negotiate treaties was sufficient.
Marbury v. Madison
(1803) The Supreme Court case which established judicial review
Stephen Decatur
A U.S. naval officer who burned the USS Philadelphia during the First Barbary War because it was captured by the Tripolitis, renowned war hero in early 19th-century America.
The Lewis and Clark Expedition
1804-1806 An expedition commissioned by Thomas Jefferson to explore the newly purchased territory in Louisiana. The campaign’s secondary objectives were scientific and economic: to study the area’s plants, animal life, and geography, and to establish trade with local Native American tribes.
The 12th Amendment
Passed in 1804, it established the precedent that presidential candidates will run alongside their vice presidential candidates.
The Treaty of St. Louis of 1804
Signed by William Henry Harrison and Quashquame. The Sauk and Meskwaki tribes gave up a large swath of land in exchange for an annual payment of $1000 in goods. The treaty infuriated Native American tribes.
Burr-Hamilton duel
An 1804 duel between former secretary of the state Alexander Hamilton and Vice President Aaron Burr, Burr shot and killed Hamilton.
The Corps of Discovery
A special unit of the U.S. Navy whose only purpose was to serve as the nucleus of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
