1.8 Genes sequence which codes functional protein or RNA

Question 1

Gene

5 points

Answer 1

The functional unit of information

A length of DNA consisting of a unique sequence of bases that codes for a polypeptide

Each human chromosome has thousands of indiviual genes in specific locations on that chromosome

proteins are made up of two of more polypeptide chains which are each coded for be a different chain

1 gene = 1 polypeptide chain

Question 2

How do you prepare a karyotype

Answer 2

1. Blood is centrifuged to seperate out blood cells
2. Only white blood cells are transferred and treated to stop cell division
3. sample is fixed, stained, and spread on a microscope slide.
4. slide is examinded microscopically, and the chromosomes are photographed. computer arranges the chromosomes into pairs.
   5 karyotype: chromosomes are paried by size, centromere location, and banding patterens.

Question 3

How are chromosomes identifiable

Answer 3

Each chromosome has genes specific to that chromosome making it identifiable

Question 4

What is the locus

Answer 4

The specific location of a gene on its chromosome is called the locus

each and every gene has a locus on a specific chromosome

Question 5

Define transcription

Answer 5

process of copying the genetic code from the gene DNA to form messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 6

Define translation

Answer 6

Assembly of the protein molecule based on the genetic code on the mRNA molecule

Question 7

Exons

Answer 7

segments of a gene that code for a polypeptide

Question 8

Introns

Answer 8

Non coding segments of a gene

Question 9

RNA splicing

Answer 9

Removing introns from pre-mRNA resulting in mature-mRNA that has no introns

it is done by a protein -RNA complex called a spliceosome