18 - food adulteration, biosecurity and food supply protection

Question 1

what are the several form of food adulteration?

Answer 1

Adding an ingredient of lesser value (melamine in milk)
Adding colour or flavor to mask a defect
Using a species of lesser value (cow milk used to dilute goat milk, horse meat instead of cow meat)
Using an ingredient from an “off-label” geographic location

Question 2

What is food security ?

Answer 2

the access to sufficient calories on a daily basis

Question 3

Why is food safety an issue of food security

Answer 3

because contaminated food can’t be eaten and the more there is contaminated food and the more it stresses the food supply chain

Question 4

T or F : the possibility of becoming ill from food is increased in the developed countries

Answer 4

true

Question 5

What is food bioterrorism?

Answer 5

intentional contamination of food for economic gains or to cause harm

Question 6

what are the steps taken in order to reduce the vulnrability of each system within the food supply infrastructure?

Answer 6

1- analyse the vulnerability of an operation within the food system

2. deploy an intervention
3. analyse the vulnerability again

Question 7

What are the two sets of risk management to help with accessing the risk?

Answer 7

1- operational risk management (ORM)

2- criticality, accessibility, recuperability, vulnerability, effect, recognixability (CARVER)

Question 8

What is the ORM ?

Answer 8

a five step process in which you identify and manage risks and for each vulnaribility you conduct a severity vs probability

Question 9

T or F : probability and severity are synonyms

Answer 9

false

Question 10

** T or F : in the case of the ORM you need to discuss specific strains that could cause harm

Answer 10

false, you don’t need to discuss about sensitvie detaisl on potential agents

Question 11

What are the 5 steps of the ORM ?

Answer 11

1. Identify the hazards
2. Assess the potential consequences of the hazards
3. Determine which risks to manage with which interventions
4. Implement the interventions
   Assess the success of the
5. interventions

Question 12

What is the difference between the carver+ shock and the ORM

Answer 12

in the case of the ORM you loosely define the probability and severity of an identified vulnerability while in the carver shock you evaluate the vulnerability by evaluating each node of a system

Question 13

What does carver stands for

Answer 13

1. criticality
2. accessibility
3. recuperability
4. vulnerability
5. effect
6. recognizably

Question 14

What is criticality ?

Answer 14

The degree to which public health or economic consequences are nationally significant

Question 15

What is the accessibility?

Answer 15

Physical access to the target

Question 16

What is the recuperability ?

Answer 16

The overall system resiliency as measured in the time required to bring the system back into operation

Question 17

What is the Vulnerability

Answer 17

Attack feasibility as viewed by the potential for a successful attack

Question 18

what is the effect ?

Answer 18

Direct losses from a food attack as defined by the fraction of the food system that has been impacted by the attack

Question 19

What is the recognizably?

Answer 19

The ease of target identification, or the amount of specialized knowledge needed to identify the point for intentional contamination (example easy for buffet and not easy in processing plants)

Question 20

What is the shock?

Answer 20

The combined health, economic, and psychological impacts of a successful attack

Question 21

What is the detect to prevent ?

Answer 21

a strategy taken in the processing plant to detect and eliminate the chance of public health concenrs

Question 22

What is the detect to protect ?

Answer 22

prevent health conseuences after the product as left the facility to prevent the sale of contaminated foods

Question 23

What is the detect to recover step?

Answer 23

rapid identification of intentional contamination in order to quickly contain the event to minimize the impacts

Question 24

What is the detect to prevent, to protect and to recover system ?

Answer 24

is an approach for evaluating detection and diagnostic system intervention options