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Pediatric Handbook QE > 18. Childhood cancer > Flashcards

18. Childhood cancer Flashcards

1
Q

1 in XXX children will be diagnosed with cancer before age 15

A

1 in 408

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2
Q

1 in XXX children will be diagnosed with cancer before age 15

A

1 in 285

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3
Q

What ethnicities have highest incidence rates of childhood cancer

A

White

Hispanic

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4
Q

What is the overall 5 year survival rate of childhood cancer

A

80%

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5
Q

1 in XXX adults between age 20 and 39 years old is a survivor of childhood cancer

A

1 in 530

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6
Q

Cancer is the leading cause of death by disease among children of what ages?

A

5 and 14 years old (in the US)

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7
Q

Incidence of childhood cancer is higher in what countries?

A

industrialized

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8
Q

Ionizing radiation is a risk factor for what types of cancers?

A

leukemias, brain cancer

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9
Q

Down Syndrome has higher risk for what type of cancer?

A

AML

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10
Q

Accelerated fetal growth and/or high birth weight are risk factors for what types of cancers?

A 
ALL
brain tumors 
Wilm's tumors
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)
embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
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11
Q

Low birth weight is a risk factor for what types of cancers?

A

AML

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12
Q

Parental smoking is a risk factor for what types of cancers?

A

Hepatoblastoma

Leukemias

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13
Q

Maternal exposure to paint is a risk factor for what types of cancers?

A

Leukemias

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14
Q

What are long term related side effects of childhood cancer

A 
organ malfunction 
secondary cancers
cognitive and functional impairments
chronic diseases
gonadal and reproductive dysfunction
dental developmental anomalies
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15
Q

What are some examples of the non-specific symptoms associated with cancers?

A 
unusual mass or swelling 
unexplained paleness or loss of energy 
sudden tendency to bruise
persistent localized pain 
prolonged, unexplained fever or illness
frequent headaches often with vomiting 
sudden eye or vision change 
excessive, rapid weight loss
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16
Q

What are the most common cancers for children ages 0-14

A 
ALL (26%)
Brain and CNS (21%)
Neuroblastoma (7%)
NHL (6%)
Wilms tumor (6%)
AML (5%)
Bone (4%) 
Hodgkin (4%) 
Rhabdomyosarcoma (3%)
Retinoblastoma (3%)
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17
Q

What are the most common cancers for children ages 15 - 19

A 
Hodgkin lymphoma (15%) 
Thread cancer (11%) 
Brain and CNS (10%)
Testicular germ cell (8%)
NHL (8%)
ALL (8%)
Bone (7%)
Melanoma (6%)
AML (4%)
Ovarian germ cell (2%
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18
Q

What % of cancers before age 14 are leukemias

A

31%

19
Q

What is the peak incidence of leukemia

A

1 to 4

20
Q

What race is more likely to have leukemia

A

whites

21
Q

What is the leading cause of cancer death in children < 1 yo

A

Leukemias

age ages 10-19

22
Q

What % of leukemias in children is ALL

A

80%

23
Q

What % of leukemias in children is AML

A

15%

24
Q

What % of leukemias in adolescents is ALL

A

56%

25
Q

What % of leukemias in adolescents is AML

A

31%

26
Q

what is the peak incidence of ALL

A

2 to 4 yo

27
Q

what is the peak incidence of AML

A

< 1 yo and adolescents

28
Q

5 year survival of ALL

A

90%

29
Q

5 year survival of AML

A

64%

30
Q

whats the highest incidence of CNS and brain cancers

A

1 to 4 yo

31
Q

What is the leading cause of cancer death among children ages 1 to 5

A

CNS and brain tumors

especially for infants with ependymomas and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET)

32
Q

5 year survival of CNS or brain cancer

A

75%

33
Q

What % of lymphoma in children is Hodgkin’s

A

38%

34
Q

What % of lymphoma in children is NHL

A

62%

35
Q

What % of lymphoma in adolescents is Hodgkin’s

A

65%

36
Q

What % of lymphoma in adolescents is NHL

A

35%

37
Q

If a 3 yo is diagnosed with lymphoma what kind is likely to be?

A

Non-Hodgkins

Hodgkin’s lymphoma is rare before age 5

38
Q

Non-hodgkins lymphoma is higher in boys or girls

A

boys

39
Q

Risk factors of lymphoma are:

A

Mono (EBV), HIV

40
Q

5 year survival of Hodgkins lymphoma

A

97%

41
Q

5 year survival of NHL

A

85%

42
Q

What are the most common type of embryonal tumors

A

neuroblastoma
wilms tumor
retinoblastoma

43
Q

when are embryonal tumors most likely to be diagnosed

A

before age 5

44
Q

what is the most common type of cancer diagnosed in first year of life

A

neuroblastoma

Pediatric Handbook QE (26 decks)

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