18. Childhood cancer Flashcards
1 in XXX children will be diagnosed with cancer before age 15
1 in 408
1 in XXX children will be diagnosed with cancer before age 15
1 in 285
What ethnicities have highest incidence rates of childhood cancer
White
Hispanic
What is the overall 5 year survival rate of childhood cancer
80%
1 in XXX adults between age 20 and 39 years old is a survivor of childhood cancer
1 in 530
Cancer is the leading cause of death by disease among children of what ages?
5 and 14 years old (in the US)
Incidence of childhood cancer is higher in what countries?
industrialized
Ionizing radiation is a risk factor for what types of cancers?
leukemias, brain cancer
Down Syndrome has higher risk for what type of cancer?
AML
Accelerated fetal growth and/or high birth weight are risk factors for what types of cancers?
ALL brain tumors Wilm's tumors Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
Low birth weight is a risk factor for what types of cancers?
AML
Parental smoking is a risk factor for what types of cancers?
Hepatoblastoma
Leukemias
Maternal exposure to paint is a risk factor for what types of cancers?
Leukemias
What are long term related side effects of childhood cancer
organ malfunction secondary cancers cognitive and functional impairments chronic diseases gonadal and reproductive dysfunction dental developmental anomalies
What are some examples of the non-specific symptoms associated with cancers?
unusual mass or swelling unexplained paleness or loss of energy sudden tendency to bruise persistent localized pain prolonged, unexplained fever or illness frequent headaches often with vomiting sudden eye or vision change excessive, rapid weight loss
What are the most common cancers for children ages 0-14
ALL (26%) Brain and CNS (21%) Neuroblastoma (7%) NHL (6%) Wilms tumor (6%) AML (5%) Bone (4%) Hodgkin (4%) Rhabdomyosarcoma (3%) Retinoblastoma (3%)
What are the most common cancers for children ages 15 - 19
Hodgkin lymphoma (15%) Thread cancer (11%) Brain and CNS (10%) Testicular germ cell (8%) NHL (8%) ALL (8%) Bone (7%) Melanoma (6%) AML (4%) Ovarian germ cell (2%
What % of cancers before age 14 are leukemias
31%
What is the peak incidence of leukemia
1 to 4
What race is more likely to have leukemia
whites
What is the leading cause of cancer death in children < 1 yo
Leukemias
age ages 10-19
What % of leukemias in children is ALL
80%
What % of leukemias in children is AML
15%
What % of leukemias in adolescents is ALL
56%
What % of leukemias in adolescents is AML
31%
what is the peak incidence of ALL
2 to 4 yo
what is the peak incidence of AML
< 1 yo and adolescents
5 year survival of ALL
90%
5 year survival of AML
64%
whats the highest incidence of CNS and brain cancers
1 to 4 yo
What is the leading cause of cancer death among children ages 1 to 5
CNS and brain tumors
especially for infants with ependymomas and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET)
5 year survival of CNS or brain cancer
75%
What % of lymphoma in children is Hodgkin’s
38%
What % of lymphoma in children is NHL
62%
What % of lymphoma in adolescents is Hodgkin’s
65%
What % of lymphoma in adolescents is NHL
35%
If a 3 yo is diagnosed with lymphoma what kind is likely to be?
Non-Hodgkins
Hodgkin’s lymphoma is rare before age 5
Non-hodgkins lymphoma is higher in boys or girls
boys
Risk factors of lymphoma are:
Mono (EBV), HIV
5 year survival of Hodgkins lymphoma
97%
5 year survival of NHL
85%
What are the most common type of embryonal tumors
neuroblastoma
wilms tumor
retinoblastoma
when are embryonal tumors most likely to be diagnosed
before age 5
what is the most common type of cancer diagnosed in first year of life
neuroblastoma
