1. Prenatal, perinatal and early childhood oral health Flashcards

1
Q

Caries affects _ in 4 children by Kindergarten.

A

1 (25%)

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2
Q

Mean duration of pregnancy

A

280 days (40 wks)

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3
Q

Preterm specifies the period of pregnancy from _ weeks/days to _ weeks/days of gestation.

A

20 weeks and zero days to 36 weeks and 6 days

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4
Q

Term specifies the period of pregnancy from __ weeks/days to __weeks/days of gestation.

A

37 weeks and 0 days to 41 weeks and 6 days

(handbook says 36 weeks and zero days,

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5
Q

Term referring to mother and/or fetus from 20th week of gestation through four weeks postpartum (or 28 days of extra-uterine life)

A

Perinatal/Neonatal

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6
Q

Definition of infant

A

Child ages one moth through 12 months

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7
Q

Toddler definition

A

Child age 1 through 36 months (originated as term to describe child learning to walk)

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8
Q

Steps involved in oral healthcare during pregnancy

A

(1) understanding implications of pregnancy on oral health
(2) implications of oral health on pregnancy
(3) protocol for prenatal providers
(4) protocol for dental professionals

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9
Q

Pregnant women are more susceptible to oral disease secondary to _______ during pregnancy

A

endocrinological fluctuations

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10
Q

Associations of poor oral health and pregnancy

A

decreased birthweight, growth restriction, preterm delivery, preeclampsia, early pregnancy loss, intrauterine fetal demise

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11
Q

Use of ______ and avoidance of _______ and ______ during pregnancy is protective for orofacial clefts

A

use of FOLIC ACID

avoidance of TOBACCO and ALCOHOL

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12
Q

How should a pregnant patient be positioned during treatment?

A

semi-seated, and pillow placement under right hip maintains uterus off of vena cava

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13
Q

Aspirin use in pregnant women may affect the the fetus in these 2 ways and thus, should be avoided.

A
  1. may affect fetal growth

2. may cause premature closure of ductus arteriosus

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14
Q

Analgesis and antipyretic of choice in pregnant women

A

Acetaminophen

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15
Q

Ibuprofen should be avoided during 1st and 3rd trimesters due to following neonatal effects

A

premature closure of ductus arterioles

neonatal effect including renal failure, increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis or intraventricular hemmorhage

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16
Q

_____has similar neonatal effects as Ibuprofen, but has a longer half-life and it is recommended to avoid during 1st and 3rd trimesters and to choose other NSAID if breastfeeding.

A

Naproxen

17
Q

The following analgesics are associated with neonatal withdrawal

A

Codeine (small risk of heart defects), Morphine, Mepiridine

18
Q

______ antibiotics should be avoided during pregnancy as use after 25 weeks may result in STAINING OF TEETH and possible EFFECTS ON BONE GROWTH and can cause MATERNAL HEPATOTOXICITY. Should not be used if breast feeding

A

Tetracycline

19
Q

_____ antibiotics have shown to be toxic to developing cartilage in animal models and are suggested to be avoided during pregnancy and to choose an alternative if breastfeeding.

A

Fluoroquinolones

20
Q

______ anesthetic can cross the placenta and reach fetal circulation, but is still acceptable during pregnancy and in breastfeeding mothers.

A

Lidocaine

21
Q

Although controversial, evidence suggests bacterial acquisition from mother to child occurs at _____

A

birth

22
Q

Are infants born vaginally or by C-section colonized by S. Mutans earlier and why?

A

C-section are colonized earlier presumably bc vaginal delivery plays an important role in acquisition of oral microbiome

23
Q

AAP and WHO recommend exclusive breastfeeding for how long?

A

Exclusively for first 6 months, then continued through one year or longer as mutually desired by mother and infant

24
Q

Immunologic benefits of breastfeeding to infant:

A

Maternal antibodies and decreased incidence of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, otitis media and GI tract infections

25
Q

Metabolic benefits of breastfeeding to infant:

A

Decreased risk of celiac disease, IBD, obesity, diabetes

26
Q

Other health benefits of breastfeeding to infant:

A

Decreased risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood

27
Q

SIDS and breastfeeding

A

decreased risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)