18-B Larnyx Flashcards
What is the primary function of the larynx?
prevent aspiration of food into the lungs
Name the entrance to the larynx.
aditus
Name the opening between the epiglottis and vocal folds
vestbule
Name the space between false and true vocal folds
ventricle
What is the rima glottidis?
perimeter of the opening formed by vocal folds
What is the function of the hyoid?
anchors the muscles of the tongue and anchors the larynx
Describe the hyoid’s bone and musclar attachments.
no bony articulations and nine (pairs) of muscle attachments
What anatomical features are required for concurrent breathing and swallowing?
touching of uvula and epiglottis as in infants
What is the epiglottis made of?
elastic cartilage
What are the three parts of the thyroid cartilage?
superior horns, laminae and inferior horns (important for muscle attachment and articulation with cricoid cartilage)
Name the only cartilage that completely encloses the airway
cricoid cartilage
What are the two joints in the cricoid cartilage?
cricoarytenoid joints and the cricothyroid joint
Name the cartilage that is a chief mover of the vocal cords.
arytenoid cartilages
Name the 3 processes of the arytenoid cartilages and their functions
apex, vocal process (attachment of vocal cords) and muscular process (place of muscular attachment)
Vocal ligaments are formed by the edge of which ligament?
cricothyroid ligament
How many laryngeal ligaments are there?
four
Describe the attachments of the aryepiglottic fold
runs from the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilage
Where does the quadragular membrane run between?
between the epiglottis and the thryoid cartilage
Vestibular ligament is also known as what?
false vocal folds
The vocal ligaments run between what structures?
the arytenoid cartilage and the thyroid
Vestibular fold, ventricle and vocal folds consist of mucosl layer covering what?
ligaments
Contast the surface of the vestibular fold and the vocal ligament
vestibular fold is covered in respiratory epithelium while the vocal ligament is covered in stratified squmous eptithelium
Extrinsic pharyngeal muscles serve what function?
composed of mostly suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles, they move the larynx as a whole, up or down (this also helps to change the pitch of the voice)
Tipping back and forth of the cricothyroid joint causes what
changes the length of the vocal cords
Describe how each the following movements changes the orientation fo the cricoarytenoid joints : rotation, sliding together , tilting)
rotation out causes opening of cords, rotation and sliding together causes closing of cords and tilting changes the length of the cords)
Which mucles control the abduction fo vocal cords
posterior criocarytenoid
What muscle(s) cause the adduction fo vocal cords?
lateral cricoartytenoid m. (internal rotation) and oblique/transverse arytenoid (slide toward midline)
What muscle causes the tilting forward of the thyroid cartilage?
cricothryoid m.
What msucles cause the tipping up of the thryoid cartilage?
vocalis (most medial) and the tryoartenoid
How is sound modifidified to produce speech?
larynx can control pitch and volume while the remainder of the vocal apparatus provides further shaping for enunciation
How does the larynx change during growth?
larynx descends during growth at about 2 years and additionally so in males- this descent changes pitch of voice and allows increase of possible formant frequencies
Contrast speech and language.
speech is the mechanics of producing noise, language is the enhanced ability to produce and undertand different formant frequencies
What types of fibers does the superior laryngeal nerve carry?
branchiomotor, taste, parasympathetics and somatosensory, while all but branchiomotor continues as the internal branch and the external branch carries branchiomotor
What types of fivers does the recurrent laryngeal carry?
parasympathetic and somatosensory (continues on as inferior laryngeal to provide branchiomotor to all muscles except cricothryoid
What are the symptoms of damage to the laryngeal nerves? (thyroid surgery possible cause)
weakness of voice and aspiration (can heal on own or be treated with medialization of the paralyzed vocal cord)
Name the two arteries that serve and what artery they branch from.
superior thryoid gives rise to the superior laryngeal atery and the inferior thyroid artery gives rise to the inferior laryngeal atery
Name to mechanims for cricothryotomy. What part of the larynx are you piercing?
by needle or by surgical incision into the cricothryoid memrane
What is important to rember clinically about the endotrachal intubation?
tube must be placed past the larynx into the trachea, bearing in mind the angle and size will be wildly different for children and adults
