13-A Deep Neck Flashcards
What arteries supply the head?
internal carotid (brain), external carotid (external head) and vertebral artery (spinal cord and brain)
What arteries supply the neck?
branches of the subclavian arteries (ie. thyrocervical artery) and some branches of the external carotid
Describe the pathway of the vertebral arteries?
ascend in the transverse foramina before entering into the foramen magnum where they join the circle of Willis
Name the branches of the external carotid.
SALFOPMS: superior thyroid a., ascending pharyngeal artery, lingual a. facial a. occipital a. posterior auricular a. mandibular and superior temporal a.
What is the position of the external carotid in relation to the digastric muscle?
the external carotid lays deep to the superior belly of the digastric muscle.
Name 3 branches of the subclavian artery.
thyrocervical trunk, vertebral artery and the internal thoracic artery
Name the 4 branches of the thyrocervical trunk
as they branch: supra scapular, transfers cervical artery, ascending cervical artery, inferior thyroid artery (much variation with the inferior thyroid artery most consistent)
Where do the inferior and superior thyroid arteries branch from?
thryocervical trunk (inferior) and external carotid artery (superior)
What is most important thing to remember about surrounding anatomy when attempting a venipuncture?
the entry point is very near to the apex of the parietal pleura
Inferior (recurrent) and superior laryngeal arteries are branches of what nerve?
vagus
What serves the major venous return from the head?
internal jugular veins which drain into the subclavians
Where do left and right sided lymph nodes drain into as they descend?
the thoracic duct on the left side and the right lymphatic duct on the right side
Where does the thoracic duct empty into the venous system?
at the junction of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian artery
Three small muscles attach to the styloid process of the temporal bone, name them and what innervates them.
styloglossus (hypoglossus), stylohyoid (facial) and stylopharyngeus (glossopharyngeal)—all derived from branchial arches/ post otic somite
The glosopharyngeal nerve innervates structures in branchial arch 3, what structures does that include generally?
tongue and pharynx BONUS this nerve carries branchiomotor, visceromotor (PNS), general somatosensory, special sensory and viscerosensory
What is a handy way to find the glossopharyngeal nerve? (what muscle does it wrap around?)
wraps around a branch of the stylopharyngeus muscle
What is the pathway for parasympathetic vibes of the glossopharyngeal n?
parasympathetic exit the jugular foramen, pass through plexus and form the lesser petrosal nerve and enter the middle cranial fossa, lesser petrosal nerve exits the skull through foramen ovale to synapse in the otic ganglion which continue on to the parotid via the auriculotemporal branch of CNV
What types of fibers make up the vagus nerve?
branchiomotor (m. of larynx, pharynx and soft palate), general sensory of (larynx, pharynx and ear), visceral sensory (of tongue and epiglottis and sensory of the thoracic and abdominal organs) and parasympathetic fibers to the thoracic and abdominal organs
The sympathetic trunk extends to the base of the skull and terminates in the ____ _____ ___
superior cervical ganglion
How do sympathetic reach targets in the head?
post ganglionic sympathetic fibers travel with major arteries into the head and follow these fibers until they can jump on to cranial nerves (internal carotid nerve is composed of postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion)
What embryonic structures form the external auditory meatus and auditory tube?
the first pharyngeal pouch and the first pharyngeal cleft
What are the targets of the internal and external carotid plexi?
vessels in the brain and superficial vessels and sweat glands
What structures are derived from the second pharyngeal pouch?
palatine tonsils
What structures are derived from the third pharyngeal pouch?
inferior parathyroid and thyroid glands as well as the thymus*
What structures are derived from the fourth pharyngeal pouch?
superior parathyroid glands
The thyroid gland develops from a bud on the tongue whose location in the adult is the ____ ____
foramen cecum
Which structures descend to their adult positions in the neck?
the thyroid, thymus, parathyroid and others
What embryonic tissues come together to form the tongue?
portions of branchial arches 1-4, and some post otic somite resulting in innervation by 5 cranial nerves
What are the 5 nerves that innervate the tongue?
lingual (CN V) somatosensory anterior 2/3, chroda tympani (CNVII) taste anterior 2/3, glossopharyngeal (IX) taste and general sensory posterior ⅓ , vagus nerve (CNX) taste and sensory of epiglottis, and hypoglossal (CNXI) somatomotor
