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Block 3 Anatomy > 14-A Cranial Cavity > Flashcards

14-A Cranial Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Subarachnoid space contains _____ (liquid).

A

CSF

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2
Q

Is there a epidural space in the cranium?

A

no, just a potential space

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3
Q

Describe the path of CSF through the ventricular system.

A

it begins in the lateral ventricles then travels through the intervetnricular foramen to the third ventricle, from there, the cerebral aqueduct carries the CSF to the forth ventricle to the central canal of the spinal cord, at the base of the spinal cord, CSF primarily leaves throughout eh median or two lateral apertures to fill the cavity surrounding the brain

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4
Q

What specialized structure produces cerebrospinal fluid?

A

choroid plexus which features a special relationship between the capillaries embedded in the pia mater and the specialized ependymal cells NOTE exchange across the blood-CSF barrier is tightly regulated

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5
Q

What are the function(s) of CSF?

A

metabolic functions (delivers nutrients, removes waste and maintains fluid balance)

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6
Q

How does CSF get returned to venous circulation from the subarachonid space?

A

through arachnoid grandulations/ arachnoid villi

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7
Q

Which space is the cistern magna included in?

A

the subarachnoid space

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8
Q

What is hydrocephalus?

A

enlarging of ventricular system management via shunt to peritoneum

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9
Q

What layer is reflected to create venous sinuses?

A

meningeal dura reflections

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10
Q

Name the three dural reflections.

A

falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, and falx cerebelli

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11
Q

What is the portion of the dural reflection that curves around the area filled by the brainstem?

A

tentorial notch

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12
Q

Which two sinuses run with the falx cerebri

A

the superior sagittal sinus, the inferior sagittal sinus

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13
Q

What sinus joins the inferior sagittla sinus and the transfers sinus?

A

straight sinus

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14
Q

What sinus joins the tranverse sinus to the internal jugular?

A

sigmoid sinus

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15
Q

Which sinuses form the confluence of sinuses?

A

superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus and transverse sinus

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16
Q

All dural venous sinuses drain in ?

A

internal jugular veins

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17
Q

T/F the dural sinuses communicate with vein

A

true, via emissary veins

18
Q

Where is the cavernous sinus located, between which two layers

A

between the 2 layers of dura at the base of the brain

19
Q

What are the three routes that the cavernous sinus can drain?

A

superior ophthalmic v, the pterygoid plexus and the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses

20
Q

Which cranial nerves run through the cavernous sinus?

A

CN III, IV, V1, V2 against the wall and CNVI inside the sinus… also the internal carotid

21
Q

When might you get bulging eyes due to a circulation issue?

A

if the carotid artery is damaged within the cavernous sinus, cause the area to fill with blood

22
Q

Which space contains the arterial blood supply vs the venous supply?

A

epidural space (potential) contains the arterial blood supply to the dura mater and the subdural space (potential) contains the veins

23
Q

What artery supplies blood to the dura?

A

the middle meningeal artery, branch of the maxillary artery, enters the infra temporal fossa, runs in epidural space from the foramen spinosum

24
Q

What is the pterion?

A

very thin area of bone where the frontal, parietal, temporal and the sphenoid bone meet

25
Q

What is the potential cause of a epidural hematoma?

A

often the result of a middle menial artery rupture, blood accumulates in the skull and the dura with a rapid increase in intracranial pressure

26
Q

What is the potential cause of a subdural hematoma?

A

result of a blow to the head, shearing damages cerebral veins where they penetrate the dura, blood accumulates between dura and arachnoid space

27
Q

Where is a subarachnoid hematoma?

A

rupture of cerebral artery or vein where the blood accumulates in the subarachnoid space, leads to meningeal irritation

28
Q

What do you call the bones that protect the brain from above and below?

A

Neurocranium: calvarium and the cranial base (facial skeleton in front)

29
Q

What are the three fossa of the cranium

A

anterior, middle, posterior cranial fossae

30
Q

Which bones make up the anterior cranial fossa?

A

frontal sphenoid, ethmoid and parietal

31
Q

What bones make up the middle cranial fossa?

A

sphenoid, temporal, parietal

32
Q

What bones make up the cranial fossa?

A

temporal occipital, sphenoid, parietal aaand the tentorium cerebelli underneath

33
Q

CN II-XII exit the brainstem ___ to the tentorium crebelli

A

inferior

34
Q

Which CN travel intra or epidurally from PCF to MCF to exit skull?

A

CN III to VI

35
Q

Which CN exit dura mater and skull in the PCF

A

CN VII to XII

36
Q

What are the features of the anterior cranial fossa

A

only the cribriform place superiorly

37
Q

What are the features of the middle cranial fossa?

A

optic canal, superior orbital fissure, the foramen rotundum, the foramen oval, the foramen spinosum, the foramen lacernum and the carotid canal (only from below)

38
Q

What is the function of the orbital fissure?

A

passage from middle cranial fossa to orbit containing oculomotor, trochlear, opthalmic division of V, abducens

39
Q

The carotid canal passes (over/ through) the foramen lacerum.

A

over (foramen lacerum is covered by fibrocartilage)

40
Q

What are the features of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

the internal acoustic meatus, jugular foramen, hypoglossal canals, foramen magnum, petrotympanic fissure, stylomastoid foramen, and the condylar canal

41
Q

What to major arteries supply the circle of willis

A

vertebral and interal carotid arteries (ascend through the neck without branching

42
Q

Why is it important to recognize the relationship between arteries and cranial nerves?

A

they are interdigitate, vascular incidents can lead to CN syndromes

Block 3 Anatomy (11 decks)

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