18-A Nasal Cavity and Pterygopalatine Fossa

Question 1

What are the names of anterior and posterior openings to the nasal cavity?

Answer 1

anterior: nares/ naris (consisting of maxillae and nasal bones) posterior: choanae / choana(consisting of palatine bones, sphenoid and vomer bones)

Question 2

Contrast the medial and lateral walls of the nasal cavity.

Answer 2

the medial wall contains the nasal septum (cartilage +bones) and the lateral wall contains nasal conchae (bones)

Question 3

The medial wall of the nasal cavity consists of 7 bones, name them.

Answer 3

frontal, nasal, ethmoid, sphenoid, vomer, maxilla, palatine (and cartilage)

Question 4

The superior and middle choncha are part of which bone? What bone makes up the infrerior nasal chocha?

Answer 4

ethmoid bone (overlying the superior and middle meatus respectively); inferior nasal concha (overlies the inferior meatus)

Question 5

Describe the branching pattern and the foramina of entry for the ethmoidal arteries and the nasopalatine artery

Answer 5

ethmoidal : branches of opthalmic a which enter via the ethmoidal foramina; nasopalatine a. : branch of the maxillary a and enters via the sphenopalatine foramen

Question 6

Describe the branching pattern and the foramina of entry for the ethmoidal nerves and the nasopalatine nerve

Answer 6

ethmoidal nerves: branches of the nasociliary n and enter via the ethmoidal foramina; nasopalatine nerve: branch of the maxillary division of V (V2) enters via spehnopalatine foramen (from pterygopalatine fossa)

Question 7

Name which sinuses drain into the superior, middle and inferior meatuses.

Answer 7

superior: posterior ethmoidal sinuses; middle: frontal, anterior and middle ethmoidal, maxillary sinuses and inferior: nasolacrimal duct

Question 8

Paranasal sinuses develop ______ and are lined with _____ ______.

Answer 8

postnatally and are lined with respiratory epithelium

Question 9

How are frontal and maxillary sinuses innervated?

Answer 9

frontal - V1 of CNV, maxillary- innervated by V2, CNV

Question 10

How are ethmoidal sinuses and sphenoid sinuses innervated?

Answer 10

ethmoidal V1 of CNV and sphenoid V1 of CNV

Question 11

Which sinus is directly anterior and inferior to the pituitary gland/cavernous sinus?

Answer 11

sphenoid sinus (important for surgical approach for pituitary tumor)

Question 12

Name three ways in which paranasal and dural venous sinuses are different.

Answer 12

walls are made of bone v. dura mater
walls are lined with reparatory epithelium v. endothelium
walls are filled with air v. blood

Question 13

Name the branches of the maxillary artery in relation to its 1st, 2nd and 3rd parts.

Answer 13

1st part: middle meningeal and inferior alveolar a., 2nd part (mostly in lateral ptergoid) gives off the deep temporal and muscular branches and the 3rd part (within the pterygomaxillary fissure: descending palatine, nasopalatine, infraorbital a and posterior superior alveolar a.

Question 14

Name the branches of the maxillary division of V (V2)

Answer 14

pterygopalatine ganglion (parasympathetic ganglion directly outside rotundum) zygomatic nerve (superior) greater and lesser palatine nerves (inferior), superior alveolar nerves, and infraorbital n.

Question 15

The pterygopalatine fossa lies between which two bones?

Answer 15

between the pterygoid plates and the maxilla/palatine bones (posterior to orbit)

Question 16

Name the outlet to the lateral side of the pterygopalatine fossa

Answer 16

the pterygomaxillary fissure to the infra temporal fossa

Question 17

Name the outlet to the anterior side of the pterygopalatine fossa.

Answer 17

inferior orbital fissure to the orbit

Question 18

Name the outlet to the medial side of the pterygopalatine fossa.

Answer 18

sphenopalatine foramen to the nasal cavity

Question 19

Name the outlet to the posterior side of the pterygopalatine fossa

Answer 19

there are 2! foramen rotundum and the pterygoid canal exit to the middle cranial fossa

Question 20

What is contained with in the pterygopalatine fossa.

Answer 20

pterygopalatine ganglion, branches of V2 and branches of the maxillary a.

Question 21

How do the nasopalatine a. and nerve exit the pterygopalatine fossa to the nasal cavity?

Answer 21

sphenopalatine foramen

Question 22

What travels through the inferior orbital fissure?

Answer 22

infraorbital nerve and artery (headed anterior to the pterygopalatine fossa to the orbit)

Question 23

What nerves use the palatine canal?

Answer 23

greater and lesser palatine nerves (as well as the descending palatine a.) head toward the oral cavity and exit through the greater palatine foramen (to hard palate) and the lesser palatine foramina (to soft palate)

Question 24

The greater petrosal n. and the deep petrosal nerve come together to form the __________ which travels via the pterygoid canal

Answer 24

nerve of the pterygoid canal