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Geology 308 for Final > 18. Asbestos > Flashcards

18. Asbestos Flashcards

1
Q

what type of metal is asbestos? something about texture

A

it is fibrous and hazardous to humans
has super tiny fibres we can’t see

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2
Q

what groups of asbestos are theree

A

Serpentine and amphibole

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3
Q

what is a serpentine mineral

A

Chrysotile

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4
Q

characteristic of chrysotile

A

curly fibres

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5
Q

what are amphibole minerals

A

Amosite
Crocidolite
tremolite
actinolite
anthophyllite

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6
Q

characteeristic of amphiboles

A

straight fibres

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7
Q

how small is asbestos

A

extremely extremely

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8
Q

where are asbestos so readily available

A

High tensile strength
chemical and thermal stability
high flexibility
low electrical conductivity
large surface area
fire resistance

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9
Q

what is asbestos used for

A

insulation
cement building
fibre cement boards
textiles
gaskets
pads for cars
brake lining

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10
Q

where is asbestos used in a house building

A

Insulation
Floor, ceiling tiles
house sidings
car/truck pads
furnaces adn heating systems
cement and plaster

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11
Q

(Chrysotile )
Nickname
Size
Biodurability
Use
Disease

A

white asbestos
thin and short
fairly low
90% of commercial asbestos is this
Lung cancer, Mesothelioma (debated)

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12
Q

(Crocidolite)
Nickname
Size
Biodurability
Use
Disease

A

Blue asbestos
Very thing and long
Very high
now little
High risk of mesothelioma, lung cancer, plaques

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13
Q

Tremolite
Size
Biodurability
Use
Disease

A

Thin and long
high
none
high risk of mesothelioma, lung cancer

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14
Q

Actinolite
Size
Biodurability
Use
Disease

A

thin and long
high
none
high risk of mesothelioma, lung cancer

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15
Q

Amosite
Nickname
Size
Biodurability
Use
Disease

A

brown asbestos
thin and long
high
limited
high risk of mesothelioma, lung cancer

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16
Q

Anthophyllite
Size
Biodurability
Use
Disease

A

thicker fibers
high
now none
Low risk of mesothelioma, medium risk lung cancer, high risk of plaques

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17
Q

how are chrysotile fibres like

A

white, flexible, curly

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18
Q

which mineral of asbestos breaks down easiest in body

A

chrysotile

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19
Q

how are crocidolite fibres like

A

blue and straight fibres

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20
Q

what is the most dangerous asbestos mineral

A

crocidolite
hard to break down
high resistance to acid

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21
Q

what colour is tremolite

A

milky white colour

22
Q

what colour is actinolite

A

light to dark green

23
Q

what type of fibres do tremolite and actinolite have

A

sharp fibres easy to inhale and ingest

24
Q

what are amosite fibres like

A

needle-like sharp
easily trapped in lungs from inhaling and ingesting

25
Q

what is 2nd most common type of asbestos

A

amosite

26
Q

mining what products lead to anthophyllite find

A

Vermiculite and talc

27
Q

what colour is anthophyllite

A

white to gray to brown

28
Q

what are some impacts of asbestos stated in workspace BC video

A

number 1 killer of workers in BC
Gets stuck in lungs and causes long term tissue scarring
High chance of dealing with asbestos as used in construction and house remodelling
they go into lungs and since tissues try to find it, they get damaged

29
Q

what type of asbestos is still mined in large scale

A

chrysolite

30
Q

which country is top chrysolite producer

A

Russia, major mines in asbest
1 million metric tones in 2015

31
Q

which countries are also top chrysolite producers

A

China, Brazil and Kazakhstan

32
Q

which countries imports chrysolite

A

india, china and indonesia
300K , 200K and 150 K metric tonnes

33
Q

in which rocks are asbestos minerals found

A

Metamorphic rocks

34
Q

when did canada’s mines stop operating

A

2011

35
Q

ethics of exporting asbestos minerals to 3rd world countries

A
  • sold to 3rd world countries because they don’t have stringent rules
  • causing drastic medical issues
36
Q

where was the last 2 asbestos mines in Canada, when did they close

A

2011, in quebec
- Lac d-amiante du canada
- jefferey mine

37
Q

what was the wrolds largest asbestos mine

A

Jeffery mine

38
Q

why did mines close in canada

A
  • Quebecois party won against liberals
  • the 58 million loan to continue running asbestos mine for 20 years got cancelled
39
Q

what are the non cancerous health impacts of asbestos

A
  1. Asbestosis
  2. Pleural plaques
40
Q

what is asbestosis

A

lungs become fibrotic, scar tissue forms
gas exchange decreases
shortness of breath
no cure
Pulmonary fibrosis
goes into bronchia

41
Q

what is pleural plaques

A

white raised patches inside chest cavity made of connective tissue
appears after 30 years, slowly grow larger

42
Q

what is the most common effect of asbestos inhalation

A

Pleural plaques

43
Q

what are cancerous asbestos health impacts

A

lung cancer and mesothelioma

44
Q

lung cancer

A

cumulates with smoking

45
Q

mesothelioma

A
  • no correlation to smoking
  • tumours grow in pleura
  • manifest 20+ years after exposure
  • rare cancer that surrounds lungs
  • kills 60% within first year of symptoms
  • 5 year survival rate under 7%
  • calcium buildup in scar tissue leads to this after inflammation
  • these cells can pull fluid into pleural space which forms an effusion
46
Q

what is pleura

A

tissues that surround the lung

47
Q

where are canadians most likely to get exposed to asbestos

A

residential building construction
building equipment contractors
building finishing contractors

( mostly in construction trade )
no many rights to speak up and got to rush to meet deadlines

48
Q

which country was the first to ban asbestos

A

Iceland then sweden then germany then UK

49
Q

is asbestos banned in canada

A

yes full ban of use, sale and import in 2018
except military, nuclear, chlor-alkali industries
except magnesium extraction from asbestos mining residue

50
Q

asbestos and WHO

A

declared a human carcinogen 30 years ago

51
Q

do houses in calgary have asbestos

A

before 1990 yes
Pipes
drywall
insulation
floortiles
roofing
siding
heating systems, air ducts
plumbing

52
Q

should i remove asbestos from home

A

if not disturbed through damages and renovation, minimal health risk so no need

Geology 308 for Final (11 decks)

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