1789 (Found the Revolution) Flashcards
1
Q
5-11 August. Event? What it claimed
A
August Decrees.
- National assembly abolished the feudal regime in its entirety
- most taxes (tithe), financial privileges seigneurial courts and more were abolished
- proclaimed Louis to be ‘Louis XVI, restorer of French Liberty’
- liberty, equality and popular sovereignty replaced old structures of absolute monarchy
2
Q
DORMAC: when was it? Ideals it presented?
A
- 20- 27th Aug
- ‘Blue Print’ of Revolution and foundation document of new society.
- Ideals of liberty, equality, sovereignty, merit, property
- was to permanently enshrine through legislation, the gains won by revolution
3
Q
March to Versailles. Date? What happened?
A
- 5-6th October
- predominantly women
- royal family and national assembly forced to return to paris
- forced to pass Aug decrees and DORMAC
4
Q
Actual Results of the August Decrees
A
- Most Deputies of the national assembly believed once constitution was written, revolution would be over
- in practice, destroying the ‘feudal regime in its entirety’ was ambiguous.
- tithe was not abolished until 1791 and harvest dues were in fact not abolished at all
- former privileged orders did not abandon their seigneurial claims and courts became choked with claims and counter claims
- in short term, satisfaction of political objectives did not fill bellies of poor nor stem their resentment of aristocracy and monarchy.
5
Q
significance of the August Decrees
A
- was the apparent dismantling of feudalism
- events gave way to national constituent assembly as Robespierre claimed ‘revolution is finished’
- nobles were no longer able to hold their own trials for people in their area.
- anyone was able to apply for jobs in the church, civil or military.
6
Q
specific achievements of the DORMAC
A
- gave rights to liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression
- ‘all men are born and remain free and equal in rights’
- ‘liberty consists of the power to do whatever is not harmful to others’
- ‘no man may be accused, because of his opinions, even religious, provided their manifestation does not disturb public order.’
- ‘right to property is inviolable and sacred’
7
Q
significance of the DORMAC
A
- formed preamble to constitution
- defined and made law the principles for which revolution had been fought on.
- was ‘above all, a statement of bourgeois idealism’ - Rude and McPhee
8
Q
Debates taking place when discussing what the constitution should include.
A
- monarchiens wanted king to have power to veto legislation
- they also wanted to create an upper house representing the nobility to restrain radicalism in the assembly
- moderates including Duport, Target and Mounier were prepared to accept two house legislature, but only if king’s power to veto legislation should not include right to dismiss assembly.
9
Q
10th September 1789. Event?
A
- the National Constituent Assembly voted for a one house legislature, resulting in the defeat of the monarchiens
- 849 to 89
10
Q
11th September 1789. Event?
A
- assembly voted in favour of Lafayette’s proposal that monarch should only have power of suspensive veto over legislation.
- louis was unable to do more than to delay legislation
- also lost his power to appoint judges.
- lost power to declare war and sign treaties without permission of the national Assembly
11
Q
1 October. Event? What happened?
A
- assembly passed fundamental principles of government
- reflected the deliberations of the deputies and foreshadowed the 1791 constitution.
- ‘Legislative power resides in the National Assembly’
- king was no longer the supreme power
- assembly was given legislative power and control over taxation and expenditure
- judicial power belonged to the courts alone.
12
Q
5th - 6th October. Event? What happened?
A
- March to Versailles
- people gathered in market place to protest that ‘while versailles feasted, the people of paris were hungry’
- originated at Hotel deVille where women were protesting high price of bread
- demonstration moved along the Champs Elysees which gathered more support, by the end there was a force of 6000, mainly women
- with knives, pikes and swords, they demanded bread, the passing of the decrees of the Assembly, and access to the monarch in person.
- 20 deputies of the march went to meet with the king, but only 6 were allowed to negotiate with him.
- delegates returned with a written declaration from the king.
- at 2 am, a crowd of women wanted ‘death to the Austrian’ (Marie Antoinette)
- tension did not stop until Lafayette publicly kissed Antoinette’s hand
- the next day, the royal family was escorted back to Paris.
13
Q
Significance of the March to Versailles
A
- altered balance of power, as there were now 3 sources; the king, the assembly and the people.
- ‘the Revolution of the Bourgeois deputies had only been secured by the active intervention of the people’ -mcphee
- royal family were essentially made captives of the people in the Tuileries Palace
14
Q
21 October 1789. Event? What Happened?
A
- Assembly passed the decree on Martial Law
- stated that ‘while liberty strengthens the empires…. licence destroys them.’
- ordered that if public order was disturbed, red flag was to be hung from Hotel deVille, and if crowd failed to disperse immediately, they would be committing a criminal act, adn armed force could be used to restore order.
15
Q
Significance of declaration of martial law
A
- first indication of the deputies desire for the revolution to end and for a restoration of law and order.
