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PSYC 350 - FINAL > 17. Sex For Sale (BDSM Guest Lecture) > Flashcards

17. Sex For Sale (BDSM Guest Lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

Fetish

A

an unusually strong liking or need for a particular object or activity, as a way of getting sexual pleasure
Differs from kink

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2
Q

Kink

A

use of non-conventional sexual practices, concepts, or fantasies

  • NOT required for sexual gratification (ie: BDSM)
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3
Q

Perversion

A

deviates from considered “orthodox” or “normal”

  • Similar to a taboo
  • Culturally defined → normal often changes as culture changes
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4
Q

Core of BDSM

A

movement of energy from power; eroticism of power dynamics

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5
Q

Dominance

A
  • Holding someone in narrow scope of your attention → allowing rest of world to fall away
  • Empathy: ability to look ****outward, to see and move someone
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6
Q

Submission

A
  • Intimacy: allowing self to be seen, vulnerable state, ability to look inward
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7
Q

eroticism

A

Interplay of seeing and being seen

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8
Q

Intrinsic

A

deeply rooted inside the personal history of the individual

  • ie: trait, personality, etc.
  • “I’ve always been this way”
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9
Q

Extrinsic

A

influenced by factors outside of the individual

  • Learned behaviour through reward
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10
Q

Who decides normal? 3 misconceptions:

A
  1. Pathology / mental illness
    a. Repressed trauma, “daddy issues”
    b. Only broken or sick individuals come across this lifestyle
  2. BDSM is the same for everyone
    a. Master-slave contract can be 50 pages
    b. Based on individual desires
  3. Rage, violence, and violation
    a. Not psychologically or physically harmful
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11
Q

how many deviations from normal intelligence

A

10

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12
Q

First safe word of all time

A

mercy -> ancient sumerian goddess Inanna

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13
Q

acceptable

A

female dom
- typically male
reputable source of empowerment

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14
Q

acceptable with side-eye

A

male dom
- healthy display of masculinity

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15
Q

questionable

A

female sub
- contibuting to female passivity
- survival response to cultural shame
- assumption is that she doesn’t know the difference between consent and abuse

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16
Q

Most questionable

A

Male Submissive

  • feminine, weak
  • Lowering himself to feminine qualities
  • “only doing it because they are usually in a position of power”
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17
Q

3 Reasons Why of engaging in this behaviour:

A
  1. Use of interpersonal power
  2. Experience physical pain as pleasure
  3. Altering one’s state of mind
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18
Q

state of minds doms and subs enter

A
  • Doms enter a **flow state**
    • Usually comes from intense mental focus
    • Synonymous with a runner’s high
  • Subs enter a ******transient hypo-frontality******
    • Reduction in activity in prefrontal cortex → distortion of time, not feeling as much pain, like you were floating
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19
Q

True potential of power

A

exchange of power

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20
Q

BDSM as Trauma Play

A
  1. Predictability in negotiation
  2. Rewiring trauma
  3. Aftercare and repair
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21
Q

relational cultural theory

A

BDSM provides opportunity for mutuality of human growth and fosters connection. trance and flow is found through our interactions with others

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22
Q

Three Feminist perspectives to sex work:

A
  1. Expression of patriarchal culture
    (radical)
    a. women are commodified and exploited and pornography is inherently violent
    b. women are debased
  2. Respect for free speech, and women’s
    rights to choose what they will do with
    their bodies (liberal)
    a. soliciting for sex
  3. Porn and sex work has benefits for women;
    sexual freedom (pro-sex, sex-positive)
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23
Q

etymology of pornography

A

comes from the Greek word porneia (prostitution) and graphos (writing)

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24
Q

Obscenity

A

any publication a dominant characteristic of which is the undue exploitation of sex

  • Illegal
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25
Q

Community standards of tolerance test (defines obscene)

A

Not what Canadians themselves accept, but what they would accept for others to see
Involves exploitation and harm of somebody else

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26
Q

Erotica

A

sex that is not violent and neither degrading nor dehumanizing

  • Generally accepted UNLESS it involves children
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27
Q

R v. Butler

A

ruled in 1992 that sexually explicit material depicting adults engaging in consensual sexual activity that does not depict violence and is not degrading or dehumanizing is not obscene

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28
Q

3 categories of sex

A
  1. explicit with violence
  2. explicit without violence but people are treated in a degrading or dehumanizing way
  3. explicit that is neither violent nor dehumanizing
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29
Q

Top 4 countries by traffic for pornhub

A

USA, Japan, UK, Canada

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30
Q

exposure to porn By age 17:

A

93% of boys
62% of girls

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31
Q

between 13-17

A

66% of boys and 39% of girls have seen at least one form of pornography in the past year
UNCOMMON BEFORE 13

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32
Q

Adults Report using pornography:

A

87% of men 31% of women
11% FREQUENT (ONCE A WEEK OR MORE)

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33
Q

% of users that develop an addiction

A

1

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34
Q

Socio-Cultural criticism

A

belief that sex is a private matter, shared between two people in a committed, loving relationship
- pornography is not an expression of healthy sexuality
- profound misogyny; reflects and promotes male dominance

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35
Q

Magazines soft-core vs. hard-core

A

playboy vs. hustler

36
Q

Reasons for Use with partner

A
  1. entertainment
  2. sexual stimuli as part of sex play;
  3. to explore sexuality
37
Q

Fraser Commission Report (1983)

A

Conclusion: did not find any support for the idea that pornography leads to violent crime, sexual assault, the moral degradation of society

38
Q

Damaged goods hypothesis

A

Findings (performers):

  • more likely to identify as bisexual
  • more partners
  • more concerned about STIs
  • enjoyed sex more/more sexual satisfaction
  • greater self-esteem
  • more likely to use recreational drugs
  • no difference in rates of CSA (childhood sexual abuse)
39
Q

Myths: Effects on Consumers (5)

A
  1. Consumers will continue to seek more extreme forms of porn
  2. Can lead to erectile dysfunction
  3. Promotes promiscuity
  4. Porn rewires the brain
  5. It’s addictive
40
Q

Effects on Consumers

Concerns: (4)

A
  • increases hostile attitudes towards women
  • glorifies aggression and violence against women
  • interferes with relationships
  • unrealistic expectations
41
Q

Attitudes Supporting Violence Against Women

A

meta-analysis
overall significant positive association between pornography use and violence against women
- highest for violent pornography

CORRELATION

42
Q

Pornography and Sexual Aggression

A

Independent variables:
- hostile masculinity [HM] – attitudes supporting violence against women, rape myth acceptance, hostility towards women, etc.
- impersonal sex [IS] – sexual preoccupation, masturbation
- general hostility [GH] – impulsive irritability, low empathy
- pornography consumption

Dependent variables:
- sexual aggression — coercive, sexual assault, sexual harassment, rape, etc. (anything illegal)

43
Q

Results

A
  • for men who scored high on composite HM, IS, and GH, pornography consumption contributed to model (i.e., predicted aggression)
  • for men who scored low and moderate on composite HM, IS, and GH, pornography consumption had no effect

Pornography only contributes to sexual aggression when someone is already at a high risk

44
Q

The Confluence Model of Sexual Aggression (Malamuth, 1986)

A

Sexual aggression may be conceptualized as resulting from the convergence of several factors (not just 1 ie: watching porn)

45
Q

Pornography and Relationships

A

Several studies: correlation between porn use by male partner, and relationship and sexual dissatisfaction

46
Q

positive vs negative effects of porn

A

Positive: improved communication, sexual experimentation, more comfortable about sexuality

Negative: expectations, increased insecurity, decreased feelings about partner

47
Q

Unrealistic Expectations in porn (behavioural) 5

A
  • no discussion of consent
  • always willing, ready, and orgasmic
  • capable of any sexual act without preparation
  • no concern for STIs, pregnancy
  • no emotional context
48
Q

Unrealistic Expectations in porn (attributes) 4

A
  • young, attractive
  • mostly Caucasian
  • women: trimmed/removed pubic hair, low BMI
  • men: big penises, often muscular
49
Q

Potential Positive Effects of porn

A
  • sex life
  • life in general
  • perception of and attitudes toward the opposite gender
    • More respect, challenge stereotypes and perceptions
  • attitudes toward sex
    • Improved → more sex positive, acceptance
  • sexual knowledge
    • Masturbation, oral sex, vaginal sex, etc.
50
Q

component of ethical consumption

A
  1. production
    a. Companies that respect employees
    b. Labour rights, dignity, respect, attitude promotion
  2. content
    a. How it aligns with own morals and beliefs
  3. reality
    a. Understand difference between reality and fantasy
51
Q

Definition of Sex Work:

A

Sale of services to satisfy a sexual fantasy, produce sexual excitement or arousal, and/or provide sexual satisfaction to the customer (Maticka-Tyndale et al., 2000)

52
Q

Communication offences:

A

stopping cars, impeding traffic flow, etc.

53
Q

Common bawdy house:

A

legal terms for a place in which prostitution occurs

54
Q

Procuring

A

pimping

55
Q

Commercial sex workers:

A

engage in prostitution to receive money, material gifts, or some other form of payment (ie: drugs) for engaging in partnered sexual activities or interactions
- Dating, living arrangements, and marriages can be sex work

56
Q

Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act: legislation related to sex work (2014)

A
  • Buying (but not selling) illegal → exploits and objectifies women
  • Advertising = illegal
57
Q

Madam

A

Woman who manages or owns an in-call, out-call, brothel, or escort

58
Q

% women in sex work assaulted and killed

A
  • 90% sexually assaulted → 78% during their work
  • 7 prostitutes → killed each year
59
Q

Call girl

A
  • Works out of own residence
  • Often middle-class, university graduate
  • Expensive, upscale
60
Q

Brothels

A
  • Many in 19th and 20th C.
  • Storefronts → stole money while sexually occupied
  • Mansions → treated like a distinguished guest
  • Declined after WWII
61
Q

In-call services

A
  • Regular shifts in an apartment or condo
  • Less autonomy than call girl
  • Manager or madam determines work conditions/fees
62
Q

Out-call services (escort services)

A
  • Escorts go to the clients
  • Risky → cannot control setting
  • Also offer the BFE or GFE
63
Q

Massage parlours

A

“sensual or erotic massage”

64
Q

types in vietman

A
  • Low-end sector → barber shops with local poor or migrant workers
  • Middle sector → young, attractive women as bartenders serving tourist most often
  • High-end sector → upscale bars where women of high status “hang out”
65
Q

Streetwalker

A
  • Sells sex on the streets
  • Charges much less (sometimes $20)
66
Q

SSDW

A

same-sex desiring women

67
Q

Strip Club

A

Provides sexualized interactions

68
Q

% of sex workers started before 18

A

38%

69
Q

Reasons for Becoming a Sex Worker

A
  • Drug addiction
  • Force or coercion
  • Economic (no options)
  • Economic (chosen option)
70
Q

Sex Trafficking

A

“recruitment and control of persons by threat or use of force or deception for purposes of sexual exploitation

71
Q

Family factors in sex trafficking

A

Family instability & parents receiving public assistance

72
Q

Childhood factors in sex trafficking

A

experiencing physical and sexual abuse and living in a foster home

73
Q

Emerging adulthood factors in sex trafficking

A

fewer years of education and indicators of economic needs

74
Q

Why are students in sex work? (4)

A
  • Increase in post-secondary costs
  • Low and unpredictable wages paid by jobs typically available to students
  • High cost of living in some cities
  • Higher rates of youth employment
75
Q

johns stats

A

customers

  • 50% = married or in common-law
  • 39% = single
  • avg. → 100 purchases
  • Men who buy sex → higher in likelihood to rape and in hostile masculinity, less empathy for women prostitutes (similar to men who commit sexual assault)
76
Q

Types of clients (4)

A
  1. one-time
  2. regular (”friends”)
  3. fallen in love
  4. long-term financial providers
77
Q

gigolo

A

man who provides companionship and sexual gratification on a continuing basis to a woman in exchange for money

78
Q

Settings for male sex workers (4)

A
  1. outdoor workers (hustlers) → solicit pedestrians
  2. bar workers → gay spaces
  3. brothels
  4. escorts (call boys) → gay or bisexual
79
Q

Pseudo-child pornography

A

porn that uses adults but makes them look like children

80
Q

Exceptions to possession of child pornography (CP):

A
  1. private works of imagination that have artistic merit
  2. Photographic depictions of oneself
81
Q

networks used for distribution of child pornography

A

“nymphet” “lolita” “peer-to-peer”

82
Q

Does sex sell?

A

→ sexual ads did not increase memory for brand being advertised nor did they increase intentions to buy

  • Buying intentions decrease as intensity of sexual activity (from suggestive → genitals visible) increased
  • THEORY: when cues in an ad are emotionally arousing, individuals’ attention is focused on those cues (sexual content) and other content (brand/product) is forced to the periphery of attention and therefore, not remembered
83
Q

Differential susceptibility to media effects model Proposition 1:

A

factors that contribute to whether a person views pornography

  • Individual predispositions
  • Developmental factors (age)
  • Social factors (do peers watch together?)
84
Q

Proposition 2:

A

viewing pornography has multiple effects on the viewer at the time of viewing

  • Cognitive (”I’d really like to perform like him”)
  • Emotional (making person feel happy, sad, etc.)
  • Excitative (active physiological arousal → sexual or excitement)
85
Q

“differential susceptibility”

A

Different people show different responses to viewing pornography
- Viewing is heaviest among people in their 20s or 30s (developmental pattern)
- Men report higher arousal (Most erotica and porn is male-orientated → focus on sexual behaviour with little concern for relationships, often includes a “cum shot”)

86
Q

Pornography consumption predicts:

A

→ increased attitudes supporting violence

→ greater number of sexual partners

→ increased aggressive behaviour

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