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PSYC 350 - FINAL > 12. Gender, Sexual Orientation, & Identity > Flashcards

12. Gender, Sexual Orientation, & Identity Flashcards

1
Q

CERB

A

Canadian escort recommendation board
- Platform for sex workers and others in the community

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2
Q

PCEPA - (Dec. 6, 2014) (similar to nordik)

A

Protection of Communities and Exploited Person Act
Criminalizes purchase of sexual services → clients of sex workers

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3
Q

PCEPA aka as?

A

AKA: Asymmetrical model of criminalization

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4
Q

SESTA AND FOSTA

A

Stop Enabling Sex Traffickers Act (SESTA) & Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act (FOSTA)
- enabled by trump
- Make it illegal to advertise in-person sexual services

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5
Q

Whorephobia defines prostitues as:

A
  1. Victims, too dim-witted to be able to know what is good for them
  2. Delinquents, vectors of disease and epidemics, whose mere visibility is a nuisance
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6
Q

Constrained agency

A
  • Depending on race, social standing, status, etc., your choices may or **may not**** be more or less constrained
  • Agency is constrained based on systemic issues → cannot deny agency
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7
Q

Internalized whorephobia

A

can be conscious or unconscious

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8
Q

6 ways to conduct a Client-Centered Assessment

A
  1. What sectors of the industry have you worked in? Which sectors do you currently work in?
  2. Is there anything about your job that you believe is important for me to know?
  3. Are there particular aspects of your work you would like to focus on in therapy?
  4. Challenge internalized whorephobia.
  5. Have knowledge of resources for sex workers within your current city.
  6. Cannot work with any marginalized client without talking about systemic institutions
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9
Q

PRA

A
  • prostitution reform act
  • Reduced stigma, created better relationship between police and sex workers, increased sex worker health, well-being, safety, etc.
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10
Q

legalization?

A

decriminalization >

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11
Q

Is testosterone related to sexual desire in women?

A
  • Often recommended for: post-menopausal, and with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, and experiencing distress with this

Evidence for that particular group, BUT not enough for any other group

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12
Q

ISSUE WITH T FOR WOMEN

A

can be a lot of side effects → deepening of voice, enlargement of clit, body hair, increased acne, can affect pregnancy

Overall: no consistent effects, there are a lot of other factors in sexual desire than hormones, especially for women

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13
Q

Unmitigated communion

A

extreme of focusing on others and excluding your own needs → bad across cultures

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14
Q

How common is vibrator use among men who have sex with men?

A

49% gay and bisexual men use vibrators vs. 66% heterosexual people use vibrators, 60% during intercourse

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15
Q

First time queer people fought back against police harassment

A

June 1969 in Stonewall, a gay bar in NYC

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16
Q

First gay liberation group

A

Vancouver, 1970

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17
Q

Gender binary:

A

the classification of people into one of two categories (man/boy or woman/girl)

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18
Q

Socialization

A

the ways that society conveys how people are supposed to behave

  • Begins in early childhood → language
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19
Q

are men more aggressive than women

A

yes

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20
Q

who participates in more self-disclosure?

A

Women

  1. In romantic relationships, friendships, and online
  2. Includes non-verbal and body language
  3. Consistent across cultures
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21
Q

what happens when When people thought they were lie detected or would be public

A

women reported more sexual partners than men with lie detector, less if public

22
Q

what does this mean?

A

Gender impacts and stereotypes do change what people report

23
Q

Sexual double standard

A

“When the same behaviour is evaluated differently depending on whether a man or woman engages in it”

24
Q

% ppl reincarnated as other gnder vs. experinece being other gender for a day

25
Lesbian origins
Greek poet Sappho who lived on the island of Lesbos around 600 BCE - Famous for love poetry written to other women - Married to a man and had one daughter
26
Demi-sexual
attraction based on an emotional bond, not gender
27
Pansexual
sexually or romantically attracted to persons regardless of their gender
28
Asexual and % of pop.
no sexual orientation to either men or women, 1%
29
% who have sexual fantasies and relationships
40 & 44
30
physical effects of asexual
Later onset of menarche, shorter, weigh less - Report lower sexual desire, but no desire to speak to health professional about this (no “distress or interpersonal impairment” → does not meet DSM criteria) - Lower excitatory processes (Not higher inhibitory processes) - As likely to masturbate as general population
31
% experience romantic attraction
74%
32
3 ways of conceptualizing sexuality
1. typology 2. kinsey's continuum 3. two-dimensional schema
33
typology
homosexual & heterosexual
34
kinsey's continuum
- Original scale was related to sexual behaviour, not attraction or identity - Behaviours → different from attraction - Might not express orientation
35
Two-dimensional scheme (1980)
- Based on a binary Requires thought when asking people about sexuality Sexual and romantic orientation can be different.
36
% who have had a Same-Sex Sexual Partner
Men → 5.2% Women → 12%
37
biological support for sexual orientation
genes -> most support - 52% of identical twins → both gay - 48% lesbians - 22% of nonidentical → both gay - 16% lesbians - 11% adopted → both gay - 6% lesbians
38
prenatal factors
Critical period of development of the hypothalamus 1. animal research -> Severe stress to a mother can produce different sexual orientations in offspring 2. Birth order effects -> - Gay more more likely to be born later and have more older brothers - With each successive pregnancy → antibody development against gene on Y chromosome, affecting sexual orientation
39
brain differences
- Structural differences in the brain - Antieror hypothalamus? - Not a lot of strong evidence, however
40
Hormonal factors
- Hypothesized that T is a factor - NOT SUPPORTED
41
Learning history
Experiences that determine sexual orientation - Woman sexually assaulted by man at a young age might turn lesbian to avoid sexual encounters - BUT many women are sexually assaulted and are still attracted to men - Sexual minority women are more likely to experience sexual assault in childhood - Suggests we might learn orientation from parents → NOT the case - eg: gay parents make kid gay but not true lol
42
6 steps of interactionist theory
1. biological variables (genes, prenatal) 2. childhood temperaments (aggression, activity level) 3. sex-typical/atypical activity and playmate preference (conformity/non-conformity) 4. feeling different from peers (unfamiliar, exotic) 5. non-specific autonomic arousal to opposite/sex-sex peers 6. erotic/romantic attraction to opposite/same-sex persons (sexual orientations)
43
group temperament
Boys → more aggressive, higher activity levels than girls - BUT some boys are lower, some girls are higher Kids gravitate to group with similar temperament - This group segregation causes the other group to be interesting - “Exotic becomes erotic” THUS Attraction to same-sex occurs when boys with low temperament play with girls and are more intrigued by other group of boys with high temperament
44
% LGB hs students verball, physically harassed and heard hmophobic insults everyday
55, 21, 48
45
what does Conversion or Reparative Therapy lead to
leads to guilt and self-hate
46
types of conversion
Medications, aversion therapies (electrical shocks while viewing slides of gay people) Surgeries: castration → brain surgery
47
when was this banned
2021 → legislation passed by the House of Commons - Went into effect on January 7, 2022
48
1969 bill ?
Omnibus -> Decriminalized many sexual behaviours (sodomy)
49
year same-sex marriage legalized federally
2005
50
Replacements for homophobia
homonegativity, antigay, prejudice, sexual prejudice

PSYC 350 - FINAL (6 decks)

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