17 reproduction in humans

Question 1

Parts in male reprod. sys.:
1. T
2. S
3. S
4. P
5. U
6. P

Answer 1

1. Testis (plural: testes)
2. Scrotum
3. Sperm duct (vas deferens)
4. Prostate gland
5. Urethra
6. Penis

Question 2

testis:
-produces _____
-produces ____ ___ _______ like __________, which is responsible for __________ & ________ of male secondary sexual characteristics

Answer 2

-sperm
-male sex hormones, testosterone, development & maintenance

Question 3

scrotum:
-pouch-like sac located _______ _____ ____ _______, between thighs
-_____ & _______ testes
-has _______ ______ temp. than body’s one for proper ______ __________

Answer 3

-outside main body cavity
-holds & protects
-slightly lower, sperm production

Question 4

sperm duct/vas deferens:
-loops over ______ and opens into _______
-conducts _____ from _______ to _________

Answer 4

-ureter, urethra
-sperm, testis, urethra

Question 5

prostate gland:
-located at ____ of ________ ________, where both sperm ducts join the urethra
-secretes ______ containing ________ & _______ that _______ sperm and ________ active swimming
-______(from abv.) mixes with sperm to form _______

Answer 5

-base, urinary bladder
-fluid, nutrients & enzymes, nourish, stimulate
-fluid, semen

Question 6

urethra:
-tube passing from _______ _____ thru the centre of ____ to outside the body
-both _____ and _____ pass out thru urethra, not simultaneously as ________ ______ at base of _______ ______ stops urine

Answer 6

-urinary bladder, penis
-semen, urine, sphincter muscle, urinary bladder

Question 7

Penis:
-________ organ
-enters ______ during ________ ___________ to release and deposit ______ containing ______ (___________)

Answer 7

-erectile
-vagina, sexual intercourse, semen, sperm (ejaculation)

Question 8

Parts of sperm:
1.
2.
3.

Answer 8

1. head
2. middle piece
3. tail (flagellum)

Question 9

-Sperm is the ___ _______, produced by ________
-___________sperm are produced throughout the life of a male human.
-it is about __ _____ ______ long

Answer 9

-male gamete, meiosis
-numerous
-60 micro meters

Question 10

-Head of sperm contains ______ _______ & small amt. of _________. The nucleus carries a _________ set of chromosomes

Answer 10

-large nucleus, cytoplasm, haploid(23)

Question 11

-Middle piece of sperm contains numerous __________, which provides _______ for sperm to ____ toward egg

Answer 11

-mitochondria, energy, swim

Question 12

-Tail/flagellum of sperm has a “_________” movement which enables sperm to ____ towards ___
-allows sperm to be ____ __ ____

Answer 12

-beating, swim, egg
-able to move

Question 13

Parts in female reprod. sys.:
1. O
2. O
3. U
4. C
5. V

Answer 13

1. Ovary
2. Oviduct
3. Uterus (with endometrium)
4. Cervix
5. Vagina

Question 14

-Ovary produces ___ (singular: ____) aka. ____ and ________ ___ ___________ like o____________ & p___________ (responsible for…)
-An o___ is released from o_____ into o_______ during o_________

Answer 14

-ova, ovum, eggs, female sex hormones, oestrogen, progesterone, development and maintenance of secondary female sexual characteristics.
-ovum, ovary, oviduct, ovulation

Question 15

-The oviduct is a narrow, ________ tube with _______-like opening close to o_____ leading to ______ so ___ can enter it easily
-Where __________ occurs (___+_____)
-_______ surface of oviduct lined with _____ whose ________ movement moves ___ along oviduct to _________.

Answer 15

-muscular, funnel, ovary, uterus, egg
-fertilisation, egg+sperm
-inner, cilia, sweeping, egg, uterus

Question 16

-Uterus is the site of ________ of f____ during p___________
-Elastic, smooth __________ walls which c_______ to push ______ out during birth
-Soft, smooth inner lining of uterus is called ________ _______/___________

Answer 16

-development, fetus, pregnancy
-muscular, contract, fetus
-uterine lining/endometrium

Question 17

-Endometrium is the site of _________ of e______ after fertilisation
-Will ____ monthly if no fertilisation occurs. (aka _________)

Answer 17

-implantation, embryo
-shed, menstruation

Question 18

-Cervix is the ring of _______ at lower part of u_____ where it joins v________
-Opening of cervix allows __________ ______ to flow out into v______ during m_________

Answer 18

-muscles, uterus, vagina
-menstrual blood, vagina, menstruation

Question 19

-Vagina leads from c_____ to ________ ___ ____.
-______ deposited here during _______ _________

Answer 19

-cervix, outside of body
-semen, sexual intercourse

Question 20

Ovum
-is the f_____ _______. A female born with _____ potential egg cells present in the ________. However, only ___ become mature in both ovaries.
-is released ________ from _______ to around ________ (aka ___________)

Answer 20

-female gamete, 70,000, ovaries, 500
-monthly, puberty, 45-55 yrs old, menopause

Question 21

Ovum
-has abundant _______ may contain small amts. of ____
-surrounded by ____ __________ which in turn is surrounded by an outer _________, which changes during _________ to prevent other ______ from entering the egg

Answer 21

-cytoplasm, yolk
-cell membrane, membrane, fertilisation, sperm

Question 22

Difference in male & female gametes:
-s
-m
-n

Answer 22

-structure
-mobility
-numbers

Question 23

Difference in structure of male & female gametes:
-male gamete has _____, _______ ______ & ____ while female gamete is _________ in shape.
-nucleus of male gametes contain / chromosomes while female gametes only contain _ chromosomes
-male gametes are about __µm, head is __µm while female gametes have a diameter of ___-___µm

Answer 23

-head, middle piece, tail, spherical
-X/Y, X
-60, 2.5, 120-150

Question 24

Difference in mobility of male & female gametes:
-sperm has a ____ enabling it to ____ towards ________ while egg moves along ________ due to ______ movement & __________ of oviduct wall.

Answer 24

-tail, swim, oviduct, oviduct, cilia, peristalsis

Question 25

Difference in numbers of male & female gametes:
-_____ numbers of sperm released per ___________ while _ egg released per ______.

Answer 25

-large, ejaculation, 1, month

Question 26

Menstruation is a process where _____ from ____________ discharged through ________, lasting an average of _ days

Answer 26

blood, endometrium, vagina, 5

Question 27

Menstrual cycle includes m____________ and o____________. Average cycle length is __ days (s_____, f_______ and i________ can alter/stop cycle)

Answer 27

menstruation, ovulation, 28, stress, fatigue, illness

Question 28

Menopause is when a woman has not been having her _____________ ________ for __ months as her ______ has stopped releasing _____. (happens usually between __-__yrs old)

Answer 28

menstrual period, 12, ovaries, eggs, 45-55

Question 29

Stages in the menstrual cycle:
1. M…
2. A… M…
3. O…
4. A… O…

Answer 29

1. Menstruation
2. After menstruation
3. Ovulation
4. After ovulation

Question 30

Menstruation:
__________ and ___________ egg break down and ____ with some ________

Answer 30

endometrium, unfertilised, shed, blood

Question 31

After menstruation:
O____ makes __________, which enters __________ and causes __________ to r_______ and t_________ (b4 o________) <high _________ conc. leads to ___________>

Answer 31

ovary, oestrogen, bloodstream, endometrium, repair and thicken, ovulation, oestrogen, ovulation

Question 32

Ovulation:
______ releases mature ___ into ________ on day __ (in an average 28-day cycle)

Answer 32

ovary, egg, oviduct, 14

Question 33

After ovulation:
_____ produces ____________ (aft o________), which prevents o__________ and ___________ of more ____

Answer 33

ovary, progesterone, ovulation, ovulation, maturation, eggs,

Question 34

Progesterone also causes __________ to t________ (and m________ t____________) further in preparation for ______________ of ___________

Answer 34

endometrium, thicken, maintain thickness, implantation, embryo

Question 35

After ovulation:
________ production decreases. If no f__________ occurs, ______________ production decreases and _____________ breaks down

Answer 35

oestrogen, fertilisation, progesterone, endometrium