16 reproduction in plants

Question 1

All parts of a flower
-c
-s
-r
-s
-p
-p

Answer 1

-carpel
-stamen
-receptacle
-sepal
-pedicel
-petals

Question 2

The stamen consists of:

Answer 2

filament & anther

Question 3

The carpel/pistil consists of:

Answer 3

stigma, style, ovary, ovule

Question 4

Petals are ________ leaves forming the most _________ part of the flower.

Answer 4

modified, conspicuous

Question 5

In insect pollinated flowers, petals:
-are ______ _______ to attract insects for pollination
-provide a ________ for insects to land
-have _____ to guide insects to nectar at base of petals (aka ______ _____)

Answer 5

brightly coloured, platform, lines, nectar guides

Question 6

Sepals are _______ leaves that _______ and protect flower in ___ stage

Answer 6

modified, enclose, bud

Question 7

Flower stalk/pedicel _______ flowers to stem. (not all flowers have this, some are sterile flowers growing directly on branches)

Answer 7

attaches

Question 8

Receptacle ____ all petals and it is the ______ end of the flower stalk

Answer 8

holds, swollen

Question 9

Filament is the stalk that holds anther at a _______ position to disperse pollen

Answer 9

suitable

Question 10

In insect pollinated flowers filament is ____
In wind pollinated flowers filament is ________

Answer 10

firm, pendulous

Question 11

Anther _______ pollen grains. When anther matures, it ____ open to release pollen grains

Answer 11

produces, splits

Question 12

Pollen grains contain ___ _______. They also have _______ for survival, like hooks to hook onto animal ___.

Answer 12

male gametes, adaptations, fur

Question 13

Stigma secretes _______ _____ when mature. The fluid ______ pollen grains to _________ forming pollen tube

Answer 13

sugary fluid, stimulates, germinate

Question 14

Pollen tube is formed when pollen grain come into contact with sugary fluid on stigma leading to ________, where pollen grain secretes _______ to digest cells in style to reach _______.

Answer 14

germination, enzymes, ovules

Question 15

Style is the stalk connecting _____ to _____

Answer 15

stigma, ovary

Question 16

Ovary contains 1/more ______.

Answer 16

ovules

Question 17

Within each mature ovule is a ______ ______/egg cell called ____ (___ for plural)

Answer 17

female gamete, ovum, ova

Question 18

Pollination is the ______ of pollens grains from _____ to ______. 2 different types of pollination are ___ & _____ pollination

Answer 18

transfer, anther, stigma, self & cross

Question 19

Self pollination is the ______ of pollen grains from _____ to ______ of the ___ flower/a different flower on the ____ plant

Answer 19

transfer, anther, stigma, same, same

Question 20

Features favouring self-pollination:
-B_______ flowers with anthers and stigma_______ at the same time.
-Stigma situated directly _____ anthers.
-Some flowers never ____, only self-pollination can occur in these flowers

Answer 20

-Bisexual, mature
-below
-open

Question 21

Advantages of self-pollination:
-requires only _ parent
-may inherit _________ qualities from parent
-doesn’t depend on _____/____ for pollination
-_____ chance of pollination
-less _____ & ______ are wasted

Answer 21

-1
-beneficial
-insects/wind
-higher
-pollen, energy

Question 22

Disadvantages of self-pollination:
-____ genetic variation in offspring, hence less ___ _______ to changes in environment
-offspring _____, ______, ___ resistance to diseases

Answer 22

-less, well adapted
-weaker, smaller, less

Question 23

Cross pollination is the _______ of pollen grains from 1 plant’s ______ to the ______ of a flower of a _______ plant of the same _______

Answer 23

transfer, anther, stigma, different, species

Question 24

Features favouring cross-pollination:
-imperfect flowers, either ____/______ flowers
-in bisexual flowers, _____ & ______ may _______ at different times
-_______ of bisexual flowers may be situated far away from _______

Answer 24

-male/female
-anther, stigma, mature
-stigmas, anthers

Question 25

Advantages of cross-pollination:
-beneficial qualities _________ from both parents.
-greater _________ __________ in offspring, which increases _________ ____ due to adaptability to changes in environment
-seeds more ______

Answer 25

-inherited
-genetic variation, survivability rate
-viable (easy to germinate)

Question 26

Disadvantages of cross-pollination:
-_ parents needed
-need to depend on _______ ______ like ____/______ for pollination
-______ chance of successful pollination
-more ______ and ______ are wasted

Answer 26

-2
-external agents, wind/insects
-lower
-pollen, energy

Question 27

Process of insect pollination:
1. Insect lands on _____
2. It follows ______ _____
3. It forces its way in to ________ _______
4. Its back brushes against ________ & ________
5. __________

Answer 27

1. petal
2. nectar guides
3. collect nectar
4. anthers & stigma
5. pollination

Question 28

Adaptations of insect-pollinated flowers:
1. Petals coloured ________ (c_________), with presence of ________ ________
2. Nectar found at bottom of _______ _______ (inside flower so insects have to brush past ________ & _________ to get nectar)
3. Stigma is _____ & _______
4. Style is ____, _____ & _____

Answer 28

1. brightly, conspicuous, nectar guides
2. stamen trough, stigma and anthers
3. small and compact
4. long curved and hairy

Question 29

Characteristics of insect-pollinated flowers (includes adaptations):
1. ______ scent
2. ________, ______ and _____ ________ pollen

Answer 29

1. fragrant
2. larger, rough and fairly abundant

Question 30

Adaptations of wind-pollinated flowers:
1. Stigma is ________ & ________, ___________ out of bracts
2. Stamens ____ & _________, anthers ____ _______ bract

Answer 30

1. feathery & large, hanging
2. long & pendulous, hang outside

Question 31

Characteristics of wind-pollinated flowers (includes adaptations):
1. ____, _____ petals/completely ______
2. __ scent (_________)
3. _____, ______, _______ & __________ pollen

Answer 31

1. dull, small, absent
2. no, odourless
3. small, light, smooth & abundant

Question 32

Fertilisation process
1. Pollen grain __________ after landing on ______
2. Each pollen grain grows a _______ ____ with ____ ______ inside tube
3. Tube grows down ______ into ______
4. Tube enters ______ thru __________
5. Tube _____ & releases ____ ______ into _____
6. _________ occurs when _____ _______’s nucleus fuses with _____’s nucleus
7. ______ becomes fruit, ______ becomes seed

Answer 32

1. germinates, stigma
2. pollen tube, male gamete
3. style, ovary
4. ovule, micropyle
5. bursts, male gametes, ovule
6. Fertilisation, male gamete, ovum
7. Ovary, Ovule

Question 33

After fertilisation:
Ovary->
Ovule->
Zygote (single cell)->
Petals, style, anthers->
Stigma->
Flower stalk (pedicel)->

Answer 33

fruit
seed
embryo (aft. mitosis)
withers and falls
withers but stay on fruit
fruit stalk

Question 34

Inside a seed:
-Embryo consists of: _______ _____, ________ _____ and the _______
-_______ provide food for seed during ________

Answer 34

-Embryonic shoot, Embryonic root and cotyledons
-Cotyledons, germination