17 - Hormone activity - Mech of hormones

Question 1

What are the types of chemical messengers?

Answer 1

Nt
Hormones ( neuro and endocrine)
Paracrines
Autocrines
Cytokines

Question 2

Which type of cells are excreted into ECF and affect same cell?

Answer 2

Autocrines

Question 3

What type of cell affect neighbooring target cell?

Answer 3

Paracrines

Question 4

Which involves inflamatory response?

Answer 4

Cytokines

Question 5

What are types of hormones

Answer 5

Proteins/Polypeptides
Steroids
Tyrosine derivatives (Amino acid)

Question 6

What are not described as hormones

Answer 6

Nucleic acid and polysacch ( sugars)

Question 7

Where are hormones from the polypeptides branch secreted

Answer 7

In the golgi and E.R

Question 8

What is the fate of a polypeptides hormone

Answer 8

1- Prehormones non active
2- cleaved in E.R 
3-Transfered to golgi
4-Packaged
5- activated
6-stored in cytoplasm
7-Secretion thru SNARES

Question 9

What type of hormones are water soluble?

Answer 9

Peptide hormones

Question 10

What type of hormones are lipid soluble?

Answer 10

Steroid

Question 11

Where are Amine or tyrosine derivates formed?

Answer 11

In the cytoplasm of glandular cells

Question 12

What pattern does a hormone get released in?

Answer 12

Cyclical…

ex: growth hormone released higher in sleep

Question 13

How are hormones transported

Answer 13

Depends if
- H20soluble ex: proteins .. disolved in plasma

• Lipid soluble

Question 14

how are hormones eliminated?

Answer 14

Tissue catabolism and Binding

Excretion of liver or kidneys

Question 15

How do hormones work and where are they found bound to ?

Answer 15

Bound to Receptors

Receptors are found in the cell membrane / Cytoplasm or Nucleus

Question 16

How are hormones down regulated?

Answer 16

Decr production of R
Inactviate the R
Inactive intracell protein molecule
Sequester R away from cell membrane
Destroy by lysosomes

Question 17

2nd messenger system :

Answer 17

Hormone act PLC
PLC breakdown PIP2
PIP2 -> DAG (act PKC and is precursor to other hormones ) and IP3 ( mobilizes ca stores)

Question 18

how does a steroid- hormone increase protein synthesis

Answer 18

1-Diffusion across cell membrane to bind to R
2-Difusion to nucleu
3-Bind to DNA
4- Translation of the transcribed protein

Question 19

What hormones increase transcription of specific genes in nucleus?

Answer 19

T3 and T4

Question 20

Does the posterior part of the hypothalamus secrete hormones?

Answer 20

no, its the magnocellular neurons from the supraoptic and paraventric nuclei that do

Question 21

how is thyroxine made?

Answer 21

Tyorsine inclosed in a thyroglobulin, then add iodine form diet