#17-Biogeography Flashcards
What happens to the number of species and you increase in latitude?
Number decreases
What are spatial scales?
Scales are interconnected Ina hierarchical way
What is a global scale?
The whole world
- species separated by continent and oceans
What is a regional scale?
Areas with uniform climate
- species bound to dispersal in that region
What is a regional species pool?
All species contained within a region
What is the landscape scale?
Topographic and environmental features of s region
-land layout
What is a local scale?
Equivalent to a community
-physiology and interactions with other species
What is beta diversity?
Change in species number and compositions or turnover of species from one community type to another
- connects local and regional scales
What do the 6 biogeographic regions correspond to?
The tectonic plate s
What is vicariance?
Evolutionary separation of species by barriers such as those formed by continental drift
What is a hotspot?
Areas of high species richness that occur at particular longitudes
What is species diversification?
The net increase or decrease of species over time
- extinction - speciation
Areas that are more climatically stable have more____?
Species there have more time to evolve
What does a loss of tropic species mean for species in other areas?
It will cut off the supply of new species to higher latitudes
- all species originate in the tropics and move north
What does high productivity promote?
Large population size because the carrying capacity is larger
What is a specie area relationship?
Species richness increases with area sampled
What are species area curves?
Plot species richness against area sampled
What is an island?
Any isolated area surrounded by dissimilar habitat
What is the equilibrium theory of island biogeography ?
Number of species on an island depends on a balance between immigration and extinction rates
Why do small islands have a high rate of extinction?
Because of size and increase predation
What causes extreme habitat fragmentation?
Deforestation, logging
How do you maintain species diversity in forest fragments?
The fragments need to be larger and closer together
What is the edge effect?
Seen at the transition between forest and matrix habitat
- edge is more exposed
What is biogeography ?
Study of patterns of species composition and diversity across geographic locations
