#12-Predation And Herbivory

Question 1

What is a parasite?

Answer 1

Organism that feeds in or on another organism

-cause spread disease

Question 2

What is a parasitoid?

Answer 2

Insects that lay eggs on or in hosts

- babies hatch then kill the host

Question 3

What are sit and watch predators?

Answer 3

Remain in one place and attack ore within striking distance

Question 4

What are the two types of predators?

Answer 4

1. Generalists

2. Specialists

Question 5

Herbivores usually eat all ______ but some ______ in one part

Answer 5

Above ground of a plant , some herbivores specialize in a specific part

Question 6

What are the 2 most nutritious parts of plants that are commonly eaten?

Answer 6

Leaves and seeds

Question 7

What do herbivore do to plants when they consume their seeds?

Answer 7

Reduce growth reproduction and survival

- consuming entire genome

Question 8

What is a brows line?

Answer 8

Can be seen under trees where feeding starts and stops due to the lack of leaves

Question 9

What do predators exert on their prey?

Answer 9

Strong selection pressures in order to not get eaten

Question 10

What is aposematic coloration?

Answer 10

Prey have bright colours and predators have learned not to eat them

Question 11

What is crypsis?

Answer 11

Prey is camouflaged/ resembles background

Question 12

What is mimicry?

Answer 12

Prey resembles another organism that is very fierce

Question 13

What are 2 plant defences for not getting eaten?

Answer 13

1. Masking - overwhelming one year will seeds and not the next
2. Intime - plants hide from herbivores

Question 14

What is compensation?

Answer 14

Removal of plant tissue stimulates new growth

Question 15

How does early her ivory play a role in compensation?

Answer 15

If early, plant can replace the tissues lost.

But later in the season then it can not be replaced due to the lack of resources for growth

Question 16

What are some structural defences that plants have?

Answer 16

Tough leaves
spikes
thorns

Question 17

What are induced defences?

Answer 17

Produced in response to an herbivorous attack

Question 18

What are secondary compounds?

Answer 18

Toxic chemicals to reduce herbivory

Question 19

Why can some herbivores tolerate some plant toxins?

Answer 19

They have digestive enzymes that some other herbivores can’t tolerate
- abundance of food for them

Question 20

What are exploitative interactions?

Answer 20

Have the potential to reduce growth, survival and reproduction

Question 21

What can be caused by exploitative interactions?

Answer 21

Population cycles

- lag and increases

Question 22

What happens when prey are too easy to find ?

Answer 22

Predators usually drive them to extinction

- leads to predator going extinct themselves

Question 23

What is one cause that can cause population cycles?

Answer 23

3 way feeding relationships

Question 24

What are predator population peaks?

Answer 24

When prey populations have reached their lowest levels

Question 25

In terms of genotypes, what happens to the prey when there is a high predator density?

Answer 25

Resistant genotypes increase and the number of predators decreases

Question 26

What is exploitation?

Answer 26

Relationship in which one organics benefits by feeding on or directly harming another organism