17 - Animals as Sentinels and Mycoses Flashcards
- What is an animal sentinel
- Animals used to detect risks to humansby providing advance warning of danger
- “Canary in a coal mine,” blasto in dogs
Understand the epidemiology of superficial and systemic mycotic infections in both humans and animals, with particular reference to reservoirs and methods of transmission.
Superficial mycoses
M. canis = cats, dogs (ringworm)
M. gypseum = soil
T. mentagrophytes = wild rodents
T. verrucosum = cattle, sheep, goats
M. nanum = swine
Systemic mycoses
Blastomycosis = moist soils -> inhalation of aerosolized spore-laden dust
Histoplasmosis = moist, acidic soil w/ high organic content -> inhalation
Coccidiodomycosis = sandy, alkaline soils – inhalation of arthroconidia
Cannot get directly from dog
(fungal dz)
What are some barriers to implementing the concept of animals sentinels?
professional segregation
data separation
evidence gaps (different outcomes for humans vs animals)
Know endemic areas
(blasto, histo, coccido)
Blastomycosis = central and SE US
Histoplasmosis = SE US
Coccidiodomycosis = SW US (AZ, CA, NM, TX)
source of infection for blasto
moist soil
source of histo
moist, acidic soil with high moisture
bird and bat droppings ^
source of coccido
soil
(fungus)
Know occupational or recreational hazards.
Paper mill workers, bridge workers, poultry farm workers, excavation/construction activities, agriculture, building rehabilitation, outdoor construction, spelunkers
is being exposed to live birds a risk for histo?
no
Provide recommendations to prevent household transmission of zoonotic ringworm. (cannot be directly from animal)
spores spread through the air, so try to clean in ways to avoid spread of dust throughout the environment (vacuuming, damp mopping) repaint wood surfaces and address rusty metal, use 1:10 dilute household bleach on surfaces, clean all accessories associated with the pet
Which fungal disease(s) are reportable to the MN Board of Animal Health?
Blastomycosis
