17 Anatomy and Cancer Flashcards
What are the 2 main types of benign tumours
Benign mesenchymal tumours
Benign epithelial tumour
Name 4 types of benign mesenchymal tumours
fibroma
osteoma
leiomyoma
angioma
Name 4 types of benign epithelial tumours
adenoma
cystadenoma
papilloma
What are the 3 main types of malignant tumours?
Carcinoma - epithelial derived
Sarcoma - mesenchyme derived
undifferentiated
What 4 characteristics are used to categorise tumours?
Differentiation
Growth Rate
Local invasion
Metastasis
What are the 6 different ways used to see how well differentiated a tumour is?
Pleomorphism Abnormal nuclear morphology Abundant atypical mitosis Loss of polarity Tumour giant cell Ischaemic necrosis
What is pleomorphism?
variation in size/shape of cell or nuclei
Why are giant cells, giant?
the nuclei replicate at a higher rate compared to the cytoplasm
just looks like one cells with loads of nuclei
What is Dysplasia?
loss of cellular uniformity and architectural organisation
What are the 3 characteristic rates of growth in tumours?
slow
slow growing with phases of rapid growth
rapid
What are the 3 mechanisms of cancer spread?
Direct extension / local spread
lymphatic spread
haemataogenous spread
What is ‘seeding’
detachment of cells from primary tumour, spreads to surrounding structures
What are the common primary sites leading to peritoneal spread?
GI
Oesophagus
ovarian
What might happen when cells implant onto the peritoneal surface of organs?
omental cake
What is it called when a cancer spreads across the cavity lining and deposits on the other side?
Transcoelomic spread
