13 Classifications of Neoplasms

Question 1

What are the 2 main route of metastasis?

Answer 1

lymphatic

haematogenous

Question 2

Give an example of a neoplasm behaving in an intermmediate manner

Answer 2

basal cell carcinom is malignant, but even the most advanced cases don’t metastasise

Question 3

What does staging assess?

Answer 3

extent of spread

Question 4

What does grading assess?

Answer 4

degree of differentiation

Question 5

What do you want to find out in hitogenesis?

Answer 5

Tissue of origin

Differentiation

Question 6

How are neoplasms graded?

Answer 6

1 - well differentiated
2 - moderately differentiated
3 - poorly differentiated

Question 7

Some malignant tumours are so poorly differentiated that it is impossible to determine their histogenesis

What are these called?

Answer 7

Anaplastic neoplasms

Question 8

What is a papilloma?

Answer 8

benign squamour/transitional neoplasm

Question 9

What is an adenoma?

Answer 9

benign glandular neoplasm

Question 10

What is a carcinoma?

Answer 10

malignant epithelial neoplasm

Question 11

What is an -oma?

Answer 11

benign mesenchymal neoplasm

Question 12

What is a sarcoma?

Answer 12

malignant mesenchymal neoplasm

Question 13

What are the 3 subtypes of thyroid carcinoma?

Answer 13

papillary
follicular
anaplastic

Question 14

Name 2 cancer types which are named based on their function

Answer 14

insulinoma

prolactinoma

Question 15

What are teratomas derived from?

Answer 15

embryonic germ cells

have the capacity to form representatives of all 3 germ layers

Question 16

Where do teratomas occur?

Answer 16

ovaries (usually benign)
testes (malignant)
midline strcutures (retroperitoneum, mediastinum)

Question 17

Where do embryonic neoplasms arise?

Answer 17

from neoplastic transformation ocurring int he developing organ

derived from multi-potential embryonic ‘blast’ cells and given the suffix-blastoma

Question 18

Are embryonic neoplasms usually benign or malignant?

Answer 18

melignant

Question 19

Name 2 examples of embryonic neoplasms

Answer 19

Nephroblastoma

Hepatblastoma

Question 20

What are Hamartomas?

Answer 20

not genuine neoplasms
tumour-like malformations
may present at birth and stop growing when teh host stops growing

Question 21

Name 2 examples of Hamartomas

Answer 21

Pigmented skin naevi

skin haemangiomas

Question 22

What would you call a benign SM tumour?

Answer 22

Leiomyoma