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4 CAN > 19 How do you know if a treatment works? > Flashcards

19 How do you know if a treatment works? Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 potential aims of cancer treatment?

A

Cure
prolong survival
palliative

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2
Q

What is remission?

A

when you’re receiving treatment and there is no apparent cancer

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3
Q

What are the 4 potential target lesion responses when assessing treatment efficacy?

A 
Complete Response (CR)
Partial Response (PR)
Progressive Disease (PD)
Stable Disease (SD)
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4
Q

What is a complete response?

A

disappearance of all target lesions

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5
Q

What is a partial response?

A

at least 30% decrease in the sum of the diameters of the target lesions

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6
Q

What is a progressive disease?

A

at least 20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions

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7
Q

What is a stable disease?

A

neither sufficient shrinkage nor increase to qualify for PR or PD

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8
Q

What 3 things are combined to measure overall response?

A

Target lesion response

Non-target lesion response

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9
Q

What is overall survival time?

A

time from start of treatment to date of death

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10
Q

What is disease-free survival time?

A

time prior to tumour relapse after radical treatment

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11
Q

What is Progression-free survival time?

A

Survival time prior to tumour progression

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12
Q

What is required to accouunt for differences between historical patients and new patients?

A

randomisation

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13
Q

What is the aim of a phase 1 clinical trial?

A

to find safe / maximum tolerated dose of a new treatment and understand toxicities

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14
Q

What is the aim of a phase II clinical trial?

A

to determine if new treatment has sufficient efficacy to be worthy of further investigation

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15
Q

What is the aim of a phase II clinical trial?

A

to compare standard treatment and provide sufficient evidence to potentially change clinical practice

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16
Q

How might you show efficacy without an RCT?

A

stratify your patients according to a specific biomarker

17
Q

What drug was found to be better in treating non small cell lung cancer than Docetaxel?

A

Nivolumab

18
Q

What does Hazard Ratio measure?

A

relative difference in survival between the NEW and STANDARD treatment

HR 1 = no difference between treatments

19
Q

What sort of drug is Ceritinib?

A

ALK inhibitor

20
Q

What might Ceritinib be used to treat?

A

ALK+ non small cell lung cancer (biomarker specific)

21
Q

how would you validate your biomarkers for a clinical trial?

A

stratify patients into biomarker+ and biomarker- groups

randomise cohorts within them
essentially running 2 parallel RCTs

4 CAN (21 decks)

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