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4 CAN > 12 TSGs in cancer > Flashcards

12 TSGs in cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are most head and neck cancers driven by?

A

p53 mutation

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2
Q

Name 3 risk factors for head and neck cancer

A

smoking
alcohol
poor dentition

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3
Q

What is OPSCC?

A

oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

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4
Q

What is OPSCC driven by?

A

HPV

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5
Q

What is HPV linked to?

A

oral sex

marijuana use

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6
Q

How is overall survival in HPV+/- cancer patients affected if you give the radiotherapy or cisplatin?

A

no difference between + or -

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7
Q

How is the prognosis for HPV+ and HPV - OPSCC different?

A

HPV+ 71% survival

HPV- 31% survival

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8
Q

What is the difference in metastasis between HPV+ and HPV- cancers?

A

about the same incidence, although HPV+ tends to get them a bit later

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9
Q

Uncontrolled activation of the MAPK pathway occurs in what percentage of thyroid cacners?

A

75%

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10
Q

What are the 2 main types of thyroid cancers?

A

Papillary TC

Follicular TC

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11
Q

Thyroid cancers with BRAF mutations are more likely to have

A

lymph metastases
distant metastases
advanced disease
recurrence

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12
Q

What sort of thyroid cancer do you get with a p53 mutation?

A

anaplastic thyroid cancer

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13
Q

How long do you have to live with anaplastic thyroid cacner?

A

2-3 months

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14
Q

What cancers is a loss of function of PTEn associated with?

A

prostate
glioblastoma
endometrial
thyroid

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15
Q

What is Cowden’s synrome?

A

AD multi-system disorder

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16
Q

How might Cowden’s syndrome affect the thyroid?

A

goitre, adenomas, follicular thryoid cancer

17
Q

How might cowden’s syndrome affect the GIT?

A

polyps

18
Q

How might cowden’s syndrome affect the breasts?

A

benign and malignant tumours

19
Q

How might Cowden’s syndrome affect the female reproductive tract?

A

endometrial cancer and fibroids

20
Q

How might cowden’s syndrome affect the skin?

A

papillomas
pigmented lesions
trichilemmoma

21
Q

How might cowden’s syndrome affect the brain?

A

macrocephaly
ASD
cerebellar tumours

22
Q

is familial adenomatous polyposis AD or AR?

A

AD

23
Q

What is the genetic basis of familial adenomatous polyposis?

A

germline mutation in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene

80% on chromosome 5q

24
Q

Where might you see cancers associated with ‘chromosomal loss’ patterns?

A

left colon

25
Q

Where might you see cancers associated with ‘microsatellite instability’?

A

right colon

26
Q

What 3 key mutations are associated with melanoma?

A

BRAF mutation
CDKN2A loss
PTEN loss

27
Q

How would you classify melanoma?

A

cutaneous (non-chorionic sun-damaged skin, chorionic sun-damaged skin, acral lentiginous)

non-cutaneous (mucosal, ocular)

28
Q

Name 3 key molecular pathways associated with melanoma

A

NF1 - RA, BRAF and AKT -> proliferation

RB1 / CDK2A -> cell cycle control

MDM2 / TP53 -> apoptosis

4 CAN (21 decks)

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