1688 and the 1690s Flashcards
What did Macaulay say the spirit of the revolution was?
“The opposite of revolutionary”
Who argued that revolution secured the hegemony of Anglican aristocracy and gentry vs. Catholic monarchical bureaucracy? How did this leave england?
Clark; as an ancien regime well into the 18th century.
Who argues that the revolution was revolutionary from the perspective of conservatives?
Rose: “The world had not been turned upside down, but it was listing dangerously”
Who argued that there were two revolutions? What two?
Goldie. Anglican and Williamite.
What has Holmes stressed?
That it was first and foremost an invasion and only very secondary a rebellion
Give an example of a traditional historian who saw the GR as a “tidying up operation”?
Stone
Why does Harris see the revolution as an internal event?
Regime disintegrating before invasion; fell not because of superior military might of a foreign invading power, but because James II failed to understand the realities of power within the Restoration polity.
What does Jones argue the purpose of 1688-9 revolution was?
Restorative and conservationist
Who has pointed to the debasement of the term ‘revolution’?
Speck
What three parts were there to the invitation to William?
Dynastic, ecclesiastical, political
Why did James’ flight convert the conflict from a civil war to a foreign one?
Civil wars are fought among those who know what civil sovereignty is, but are in conflict over where it is located and how it is to be exercised; James abandoned/never exercised the weapon of civil war, since by not waging war within the kingdom he lost the power to oblige his subjects to choose between two claimants to sovereignty, each with his own definition of what it was.
How many men were in the invading army?
48 000
What banners were carried by the invading armies?
‘For the defence of the Protestant Religion and the Liberty and Property of the subjects of England’.
Who argued that there were twice as many catholics in William’s army as James?
Robert Ferguson
When had William launched his propaganda campaign?
January 88
Why did some fear that England could not have a Dutch king?
“They follow the same mistress, trade”
Who was one of the first figures to join William?
Sir Edward Seymour, Tory and greatest elector magnate in West
Where were there bloody skirmishes?
Wincanton and Reading
What prompted the 1689 first Mutiny Act?
Mutiny of the army at Ipswich
Who condemned the rebellion as “vile” and “hatched in Hell”?
Dean of Durham, Granville
Where were there risings in unison with William’s arrival?
York, Nottingham, Cheshire
What two dominant objectives did the Revolution settlement have? Who argues this?
To restore Anglican hegemony and the dominance of the landed class’ monopoly of office through the Test Acts (as vital to Tories as Whigs). Childs
What political ideas does Clark stress the continuity of?
Patriarchalism, deference, divine right ideology
Who has seen the revolution as one of compromise and collusion, rather than a trumpeting of high ideals?
Zwicker