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History- Civil War > 1649-1660 > Flashcards

1649-1660 Flashcards

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1
Q

When did the Rump Parliament officially abolish the Monarchy?

A

17th March 1649

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2
Q

When did the Rump abolish the House of Lords?

A

19th March 1649

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3
Q

What word was used to describe England, rather then “republic”?

A

Commonwealth

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4
Q

What pamphlet did John Lilburne publish in criticism of the Rump Parliament?

A

“England’s New Chaines Discovered”
- 29th February 1649

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5
Q

How did Cromwell deal with the Levellers?

A

Arrested them on suspicion of treason and questioned them in front of the Council of State. Lilburne and Overton were imprisoned.

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6
Q

Name the two Army mutinies encouraged by the Levellers

A

. Mutiny at Mile End Green (April 1649)
. May Mutiny (May 1649)

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7
Q

How many people showed up for the funeral of Robert Lockyer?

A

4,000

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8
Q

How many cavalry regiments were involved in the May mutiny?

A

5

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9
Q

How did Cromwell respond to the mutiny in May?

A

On 13th May, Cromwell launched a night assault on the mutineers, 400 of whom he imprisoned in a church at Burford. The ringleaders were executed, hanged in the churchyard.

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10
Q

How did the Rump Parliament appease the army?

A

Paid their arrears through the sale of Crown Lands

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11
Q

When was the Second Ormond Agreement?

A

17th January 1649

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12
Q

How many men did Cromwell take to Ireland?

A

12,000

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13
Q

When was the Siege of Drogheda?

A

11th September 1649

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14
Q

When was the Siege on Wexford?

A

13th October 1649

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15
Q

How many people died at Drogheda?

A

Between 2,000- 4,000

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16
Q

When did Charles sign the Treaty of Breda?

A

1st May 1650

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17
Q

Who resigned as a result of the war with Scotland?

A

Fairfax- didn’t want to fight against his former allies

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18
Q

How large was the Scottish army?

A

22,000

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19
Q

At which battle did Cromwell launch a surprise attack on the Scottish?

A

Battle of Dunbar

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20
Q

How much did it cost for the English Army to occupy Scotland?

A

£13,500 a month

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21
Q

What legislations were passed by the Rump after the execution of the King?

A

. Blasphemy Act (1650)
. Oath of Engagement (1651)
. Act of Oblivion (1651)
. Navigation Act (1651)

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22
Q

How many MPs attended the Rump Parliament?

A

Usually only around 50-60 of 120

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23
Q

When was the Battle of Worcester?

A

3rd September 1651

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24
Q

When did the Anglo-Dutch war begin?

A

1652

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25
Q

Which religious sect was fully established in 1652?

A

Quakers

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26
Q

When did Cromwell dissolve the Rump Parliament?

A

20th April 1653

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27
Q

How many people made up the Nominated Assembly?

A

140 men

28
Q

How long did the Barebones Parliament sit for?

A

5 months

29
Q

Name some legislation passed by the Nominated Assembly

A

. Reform of marriage law
. Reform of debtor law
. More humane treatment of the insane
. Tougher penalties for highwaymen and thieves
. Abolition of the Court of Chancery

30
Q

How many members of the Nominated Assembly were from the gentry?

A

4/5

31
Q

When was the Barebone’s Parliament dissolved?

A

12th December 1653

32
Q

When was Cromwell invested as Lord Protector?

A

16th December 1653

33
Q

Who wrote the Instrument of Government?

A

Lambert

34
Q

What were the terms of the Instrument of Government?

A

. A Lord Protector would hold executive power
. Finance, appointments and the military to be managed by a Council of State of 21 members.
. Parliament would contain only one chamber, be made up of 400 English and Welsh MPs and (for the first time) 30 each from Scotland and Ireland.
. Elections would be held every 5 years. Parliament must sit for at least 5 months before it could be dissolved.
. Freedom of worship was granted, excluding Catholics and the most extreme sects.
. There was a property qualification to vote (£200 per annum), but it was low enough to include many of the middling sort.

35
Q

What were Cromwell’s aims for the Protectorate?

A

. Religious reformation
. Healing and settling
. Political stability

36
Q

When did the First Protectorate Parliament sit?

A

September 1654- January 1655

37
Q

Who lead the Commonswealthmen?

A

Sir Arthur Haselrig

38
Q

When was Penruddock’s Uprising?

A

March 1655

39
Q

What was Penruddock’s Uprising?

A

An attempted Royalist uprising in the North

40
Q

What foreign Policy failure did England suffer in 1655?

A

The failure of the Western Design, resulting in War with Spain

41
Q

How did the Major Generals experiment work?

A

England was now divided into 11 districts, each under the control of a Major General with 500 soldiers

42
Q

Why were the Major Generals unpopular?

A

. Huge tax burden
. Religiously zealous
. Essentially ruled through martial law
. Socially disruptive

43
Q

When were the Major Generals abolished?

A

25th December 1656

44
Q

Why were the Major Generals abolished?

A

Major General Desborough made a suggestion to make Decimation Tax permanent.

45
Q

Who came up with the Humble Petition and Advice?

A

Cromwell’s civilian councillors

46
Q

Who strongly opposed the Humble Petition and Advice?

A

The Army

47
Q

Who was a religious case used to test the religious toleration of the 2nd Protectorate Parliament?

A

James Naylor

48
Q

What were the original terms of the Humble Petition and Advice?

A

. Cromwell to be King with the right to name his successor
. A new definition of religious toleration
. A national Church to be established with a widely acceptable confession of faith
. Council of State to be made much smaller, like the old Privy Council
. A new upper chamber of Parliament to be created, members nominated by Cromwell and Council
. Parliament to control appointments of ministers
. Parliament to control taxation
. The army to be reduced in size, partly to reduce the tax burden

49
Q

When did Cromwell originally reject the HPA?

A

13th April 1657

50
Q

How was the HPA amended?

A

It removed reference to the crown, Cromwell then accepted it

51
Q

When did Cromwell die?

A

3rd September 1658

52
Q

Who succeeded Cromwell?

A

His son, Richard Cromwell

53
Q

What was the main division in Richard’s Third Protectorate Parliament?

A

Between the military and civilian factions

54
Q

What was the name of the group that opposed Richard?

A

The Wallingford House Faction

55
Q

Who headed the Wallingford House Faction?

A

Charles Fleetwood

56
Q

Why did the army turn against Richard?

A

He allowed the Third Protectorate to discuss reducing the size of the army

57
Q

When did the Rump Parliament re-open?

A

7th May 1659

58
Q

Where was George Booth’s rebellion defeated?

A

Battle of Winnington Bridge on 19th August 1659

59
Q

What happened on the 12th October 1659?

A

Haselrig ordered for troublesome army officers to be expelled from Parliament

60
Q

What happened on the 13th October 1659?

A

Lambert gathered troops and barred the entrance to Westminster, stopping MPs from entering

61
Q

What was the name of the interim Government set up on the 27th October?

A

The Committee of Safety

62
Q

When was the Long Parliament recalled?

A

21st February 1660

63
Q

Where did Charles move his court to?

A

From Catholic Spain to the Protestant Dutch Republic

64
Q

What was the name of the declaration which re-instated Charles as Monarch?

A

Declaration of Breda

65
Q

When was Charles Stuart declared King?

A

8th May 1660

History- Civil War (6 decks)

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