1649-1660 Flashcards
When did the Rump Parliament officially abolish the Monarchy?
17th March 1649
When did the Rump abolish the House of Lords?
19th March 1649
What word was used to describe England, rather then “republic”?
Commonwealth
What pamphlet did John Lilburne publish in criticism of the Rump Parliament?
“England’s New Chaines Discovered”
- 29th February 1649
How did Cromwell deal with the Levellers?
Arrested them on suspicion of treason and questioned them in front of the Council of State. Lilburne and Overton were imprisoned.
Name the two Army mutinies encouraged by the Levellers
. Mutiny at Mile End Green (April 1649)
. May Mutiny (May 1649)
How many people showed up for the funeral of Robert Lockyer?
4,000
How many cavalry regiments were involved in the May mutiny?
5
How did Cromwell respond to the mutiny in May?
On 13th May, Cromwell launched a night assault on the mutineers, 400 of whom he imprisoned in a church at Burford. The ringleaders were executed, hanged in the churchyard.
How did the Rump Parliament appease the army?
Paid their arrears through the sale of Crown Lands
When was the Second Ormond Agreement?
17th January 1649
How many men did Cromwell take to Ireland?
12,000
When was the Siege of Drogheda?
11th September 1649
When was the Siege on Wexford?
13th October 1649
How many people died at Drogheda?
Between 2,000- 4,000
When did Charles sign the Treaty of Breda?
1st May 1650
Who resigned as a result of the war with Scotland?
Fairfax- didn’t want to fight against his former allies
How large was the Scottish army?
22,000
At which battle did Cromwell launch a surprise attack on the Scottish?
Battle of Dunbar
How much did it cost for the English Army to occupy Scotland?
£13,500 a month
What legislations were passed by the Rump after the execution of the King?
. Blasphemy Act (1650)
. Oath of Engagement (1651)
. Act of Oblivion (1651)
. Navigation Act (1651)
How many MPs attended the Rump Parliament?
Usually only around 50-60 of 120
When was the Battle of Worcester?
3rd September 1651
When did the Anglo-Dutch war begin?
1652
Which religious sect was fully established in 1652?
Quakers
When did Cromwell dissolve the Rump Parliament?
20th April 1653
How many people made up the Nominated Assembly?
140 men
How long did the Barebones Parliament sit for?
5 months
Name some legislation passed by the Nominated Assembly
. Reform of marriage law
. Reform of debtor law
. More humane treatment of the insane
. Tougher penalties for highwaymen and thieves
. Abolition of the Court of Chancery
How many members of the Nominated Assembly were from the gentry?
4/5
When was the Barebone’s Parliament dissolved?
12th December 1653
When was Cromwell invested as Lord Protector?
16th December 1653
Who wrote the Instrument of Government?
Lambert
What were the terms of the Instrument of Government?
. A Lord Protector would hold executive power
. Finance, appointments and the military to be managed by a Council of State of 21 members.
. Parliament would contain only one chamber, be made up of 400 English and Welsh MPs and (for the first time) 30 each from Scotland and Ireland.
. Elections would be held every 5 years. Parliament must sit for at least 5 months before it could be dissolved.
. Freedom of worship was granted, excluding Catholics and the most extreme sects.
. There was a property qualification to vote (£200 per annum), but it was low enough to include many of the middling sort.
What were Cromwell’s aims for the Protectorate?
. Religious reformation
. Healing and settling
. Political stability
When did the First Protectorate Parliament sit?
September 1654- January 1655
Who lead the Commonswealthmen?
Sir Arthur Haselrig
When was Penruddock’s Uprising?
March 1655
What was Penruddock’s Uprising?
An attempted Royalist uprising in the North
What foreign Policy failure did England suffer in 1655?
The failure of the Western Design, resulting in War with Spain
How did the Major Generals experiment work?
England was now divided into 11 districts, each under the control of a Major General with 500 soldiers
Why were the Major Generals unpopular?
. Huge tax burden
. Religiously zealous
. Essentially ruled through martial law
. Socially disruptive
When were the Major Generals abolished?
25th December 1656
Why were the Major Generals abolished?
Major General Desborough made a suggestion to make Decimation Tax permanent.
Who came up with the Humble Petition and Advice?
Cromwell’s civilian councillors
Who strongly opposed the Humble Petition and Advice?
The Army
Who was a religious case used to test the religious toleration of the 2nd Protectorate Parliament?
James Naylor
What were the original terms of the Humble Petition and Advice?
. Cromwell to be King with the right to name his successor
. A new definition of religious toleration
. A national Church to be established with a widely acceptable confession of faith
. Council of State to be made much smaller, like the old Privy Council
. A new upper chamber of Parliament to be created, members nominated by Cromwell and Council
. Parliament to control appointments of ministers
. Parliament to control taxation
. The army to be reduced in size, partly to reduce the tax burden
When did Cromwell originally reject the HPA?
13th April 1657
How was the HPA amended?
It removed reference to the crown, Cromwell then accepted it
When did Cromwell die?
3rd September 1658
Who succeeded Cromwell?
His son, Richard Cromwell
What was the main division in Richard’s Third Protectorate Parliament?
Between the military and civilian factions
What was the name of the group that opposed Richard?
The Wallingford House Faction
Who headed the Wallingford House Faction?
Charles Fleetwood
Why did the army turn against Richard?
He allowed the Third Protectorate to discuss reducing the size of the army
When did the Rump Parliament re-open?
7th May 1659
Where was George Booth’s rebellion defeated?
Battle of Winnington Bridge on 19th August 1659
What happened on the 12th October 1659?
Haselrig ordered for troublesome army officers to be expelled from Parliament
What happened on the 13th October 1659?
Lambert gathered troops and barred the entrance to Westminster, stopping MPs from entering
What was the name of the interim Government set up on the 27th October?
The Committee of Safety
When was the Long Parliament recalled?
21st February 1660
Where did Charles move his court to?
From Catholic Spain to the Protestant Dutch Republic
What was the name of the declaration which re-instated Charles as Monarch?
Declaration of Breda
When was Charles Stuart declared King?
8th May 1660
