1646-1649

Question 1

After surrendering to the Scots, where was Charles taken in 1646?

Answer 1

Newcastle

Question 2

When were the Propositions of Newcastle?

Answer 2

1646

Question 3

How much did Parliament pay for Charles?

Answer 3

£400,000

Question 4

Who were the Political Independents?

Answer 4

Cromwell, Ireton, Saye and Sele, Haselrig

Question 5

Who were the Political Presbyterians?

Answer 5

Holles, Manchester, Essex

Question 6

When was the Purge of the Army Officers?

Answer 6

March 1647

Question 7

What was the Purging of the Army Officers?

Answer 7

In an effort to reduce the influence of Political Independents in the army, they were removed from their offices in the NMA. Holles wanted to disband the NMA and replace it with a smaller force, similar to the London Trained Bands

Question 8

When was “The Humble Petition of the Officers and Soldiers of the Army”?

Answer 8

March 1647

Question 9

What was “The Humble Petition of Officers and Soldiers of the Amy”?

Answer 9

A petition published by army offers and soldiers demanding the following:
. Arrears of pay
. The right to refuse to serve outside of England
. Indemnity for acts committed during war
. Provision for war widows

Question 10

When was “The Large Petition”?

Answer 10

March 1647

Question 11

What was “The Large Petition”?

Answer 11

A petition published by Levellers in London, calling for:
. Abolition of the House of Lords
. Religious Toleration
. End to monopolies

Question 12

When was the “Declaration of Dislike”?

Answer 12

March 1647

Question 13

What was the “Declaration of Dislike”?

Answer 13

Parliament’s response to the Humble Petition, declaring that the petitioners were enemies of the state

Question 14

When was the “Vindication of the Officers of the Army”?

Answer 14

April 1647

Question 15

What was the “Vindication of the Officers of the Army”?

Answer 15

A document which argued that the soldiers were justified in their grievances. Army officers feared that they would be unable to control the army if they disbanded them, so they sided with the soldiers.

Question 16

When did Parliament vote to disband the army?

Answer 16

15th May 1647

Question 17

Why did Parliament vote to disband the army?

Answer 17

Believing that a peace deal with Charles was imminent, Parliament voted to disband the army with only 8 weeks’ arrears of pay

Question 18

What action made the Army a politicised force?

Answer 18

The Seizure of the King on 2nd June 1647

Question 19

When was the “Humble Remonstrance”?

Answer 19

4th July 1647

Question 20

What was the “Humble Remonstrance”

Answer 20

Drawn together when the army met at Newmarket. A list of all the army’s grievances, especially Parliament’s refusal to withdraw the Declaration of Dislike

Question 21

When was the “Solemn Engagement of the Army”?

Answer 21

5th June 1647

Question 22

What was the “Solemn Engagement of the Army”?

Answer 22

A covenant drawn up by Cromwell and Ireton promising to disband the army if their grievances were resolved to the satisfaction of an Army Council

Question 23

When was “A Representation of the Army”?

Answer 23

14th June 1647

Question 24

What was “A Representation of the Army”?

Answer 24

A declaration produced by the General Council of the Army arguing that the Army’s role was to “defend the liberties and rights of the people”. It called for:
. A purge of Denzil Holles and the Political Presbyterians from Parliament
. Right of the people to petition Parliament
. Future Parliaments to be of fixed duration
. Some degree of religious toleration

Question 25

When were “The Heads of Proposals”?

Answer 25

July 1647

Question 26

What were “The Heads of Proposals”?

Answer 26

The army’s own peace proposals to Charles:
. Biennial Parliaments
. Electoral reform
. Parliament to control the militia for 10 years
. National Church with Bishops but some degree of religious toleration
. Indemnity for all but 7 Royalists
Most lenient peace proposals offered to Charles

Question 27

When was “An Agreement of the People”?

Answer 27

October 1647

Question 28

What was “An Agreement of the People”?

Answer 28

A document drawn up by the Levellers who were unhappy that the Heads of Proposals were so lenient to Charles. It demanded:
. The abolition of the Monarchy
. The abolition of the House or Lords
. Universal suffrage
. Equality before the law

Question 29

When were the Putney Debates?

Answer 29

October 1647

Question 30

When were the Four Bills?

Answer 30

December 1647

Question 31

What were the terms of the Four Bills?

Answer 31

. Parliament to have control over the militia for 20 years.
. The King to accept all ordinances passed in his absence and agree not to adjourn Parliament.

Question 32

What triggered the 2nd Civil War

Answer 32

Charles made an engagement with the Scots in December 1647, promising to implement Presbyterianism in exchange for being put back on the throne

Question 33

How did the New Model Army react to the outbreak of the 2nd Civil War?

Answer 33

Held a 3 day prayer meeting at Windsor

Question 34

When was the Vote of No Addresses?

Answer 34

January 1648

Question 35

When was the Battle of Preston?

Answer 35

August 1648

Question 36

What happened at the Battle of Preston?

Answer 36

Over a three day battle, Cromwell destroyed the Royalist troops

Question 37

When was the Treaty of Newport?

Answer 37

September 1648

Question 38

What were the terms of the Treaty of Newport?

Answer 38

Charles was given slightly more lenient terms:
. 3 year Presbyterian trial was to be carried out, but he could still have Anglican ministers personally.
. All Royalists were to be pardoned.

Question 39

When was the “2nd Remonstrance of the Army”?

Answer 39

November 1648

Question 40

What was the “2nd Remonstrance of the Army”?

Answer 40

Called for an end to the negotiations with Charles and for the King to be put on trial. Parl ignored it

Question 41

When was Pride’s Purge?

Answer 41

6th December 1648

Question 42

How many MPs were excluded from the Commons during Pride’s Purge?

Answer 42

180