1646-1649 Flashcards
After surrendering to the Scots, where was Charles taken in 1646?
Newcastle
When were the Propositions of Newcastle?
1646
How much did Parliament pay for Charles?
£400,000
Who were the Political Independents?
Cromwell, Ireton, Saye and Sele, Haselrig
Who were the Political Presbyterians?
Holles, Manchester, Essex
When was the Purge of the Army Officers?
March 1647
What was the Purging of the Army Officers?
In an effort to reduce the influence of Political Independents in the army, they were removed from their offices in the NMA. Holles wanted to disband the NMA and replace it with a smaller force, similar to the London Trained Bands
When was “The Humble Petition of the Officers and Soldiers of the Army”?
March 1647
What was “The Humble Petition of Officers and Soldiers of the Amy”?
A petition published by army offers and soldiers demanding the following:
. Arrears of pay
. The right to refuse to serve outside of England
. Indemnity for acts committed during war
. Provision for war widows
When was “The Large Petition”?
March 1647
What was “The Large Petition”?
A petition published by Levellers in London, calling for:
. Abolition of the House of Lords
. Religious Toleration
. End to monopolies
When was the “Declaration of Dislike”?
March 1647
What was the “Declaration of Dislike”?
Parliament’s response to the Humble Petition, declaring that the petitioners were enemies of the state
When was the “Vindication of the Officers of the Army”?
April 1647
What was the “Vindication of the Officers of the Army”?
A document which argued that the soldiers were justified in their grievances. Army officers feared that they would be unable to control the army if they disbanded them, so they sided with the soldiers.
When did Parliament vote to disband the army?
15th May 1647
Why did Parliament vote to disband the army?
Believing that a peace deal with Charles was imminent, Parliament voted to disband the army with only 8 weeks’ arrears of pay
What action made the Army a politicised force?
The Seizure of the King on 2nd June 1647
When was the “Humble Remonstrance”?
4th July 1647
What was the “Humble Remonstrance”
Drawn together when the army met at Newmarket. A list of all the army’s grievances, especially Parliament’s refusal to withdraw the Declaration of Dislike
When was the “Solemn Engagement of the Army”?
5th June 1647
What was the “Solemn Engagement of the Army”?
A covenant drawn up by Cromwell and Ireton promising to disband the army if their grievances were resolved to the satisfaction of an Army Council
When was “A Representation of the Army”?
14th June 1647
What was “A Representation of the Army”?
A declaration produced by the General Council of the Army arguing that the Army’s role was to “defend the liberties and rights of the people”. It called for:
. A purge of Denzil Holles and the Political Presbyterians from Parliament
. Right of the people to petition Parliament
. Future Parliaments to be of fixed duration
. Some degree of religious toleration
When were “The Heads of Proposals”?
July 1647
What were “The Heads of Proposals”?
The army’s own peace proposals to Charles:
. Biennial Parliaments
. Electoral reform
. Parliament to control the militia for 10 years
. National Church with Bishops but some degree of religious toleration
. Indemnity for all but 7 Royalists
Most lenient peace proposals offered to Charles
When was “An Agreement of the People”?
October 1647
What was “An Agreement of the People”?
A document drawn up by the Levellers who were unhappy that the Heads of Proposals were so lenient to Charles. It demanded:
. The abolition of the Monarchy
. The abolition of the House or Lords
. Universal suffrage
. Equality before the law
When were the Putney Debates?
October 1647
When were the Four Bills?
December 1647
What were the terms of the Four Bills?
. Parliament to have control over the militia for 20 years.
. The King to accept all ordinances passed in his absence and agree not to adjourn Parliament.
What triggered the 2nd Civil War
Charles made an engagement with the Scots in December 1647, promising to implement Presbyterianism in exchange for being put back on the throne
How did the New Model Army react to the outbreak of the 2nd Civil War?
Held a 3 day prayer meeting at Windsor
When was the Vote of No Addresses?
January 1648
When was the Battle of Preston?
August 1648
What happened at the Battle of Preston?
Over a three day battle, Cromwell destroyed the Royalist troops
When was the Treaty of Newport?
September 1648
What were the terms of the Treaty of Newport?
Charles was given slightly more lenient terms:
. 3 year Presbyterian trial was to be carried out, but he could still have Anglican ministers personally.
. All Royalists were to be pardoned.
When was the “2nd Remonstrance of the Army”?
November 1648
What was the “2nd Remonstrance of the Army”?
Called for an end to the negotiations with Charles and for the King to be put on trial. Parl ignored it
When was Pride’s Purge?
6th December 1648
How many MPs were excluded from the Commons during Pride’s Purge?
180
