1629-1640 Flashcards
How did Charles reform the court?
Wanted to make it more orderly: progression of rooms imposed a hierarchy and wedged a ga[ between “court and country”
What were the main Prerogative Courts?
. The Star Chamber
. The Court of High Commission
. The Council of the North
. The Council of the Welsh Marshes
Name some of Charles’ mines?
. Custom Duties
. Distraint of Knighthood
. Forest Fines
. Monopolies
. Ship Money
What was the process of searching for dormant sources of income called?
Fiscal Fuedalism
When did Charles publish the Book of Orders?
1631
What was the Book of Orders?
A publication which laid down clearer procedure for organising local government. Charles wanted to instil order and uniformity in England, but ex-MPs feared a rise in absolutism.
What did Charles do to remain financially independent of Parliament?
. Fiscal Feudalism
. Peace with France and Spain (1629/1630)
How much money did Fiscal Feudalism generate?
Raised Charles’ annual income from £600,000 to £900,000.
What was Popish soap?
Charles sold the monopoly on soap to a Catholic which outraged the Puritans. This monopoly earned Charles £33,000.
When did Strafford become Lord Deputy of Ireland?
1632
When did Laud become Archbishop of Canterbury
1633
When was Ship Money raised?
1634
When was Ship Money raised to inland counties?
1635
How much of Ship Money was paid?
About 90% of the tax was paid before 1638. In total, it raised around £190,000 a year, all of which was spent on the navy.
When was the Ship Money Trial?
1637
What happened at the Ship Money Trial?
John Hampden put on trial for refusing to pay Ship Money. Oliver St John acted as his lawyer. Charles won by a narrow majority (7 to 5) and it established his precedent to collect the tax.
What type of religious performance did Charles love?
Masques
Which artist did Charles particularly patronise?
Van Dyck
What were the successes of Charles’ financial policies?
. Crown revenue increased by 25% and the royal debt was halved from £2 million to around £1 million by 1637.
. Allowed Charles to be financially independent of Parliament until 1640.
What were the failures of Charles’ financial policies?
. His methods were legally dubious
. He alienated the City of London banks
. Taxes such as Ship Money generated a lot of opposition
What were Laud’s Church Reforms
. Beautification of Churches
. Altar Policy
. Book of Sports
. Re-introduction of the Catechism
. Campaigned against unlicenced preaching and Feofees
Why were people unhappy with the Laudian reforms?
Fear that Charles was moving towards Catholicism
When did Charles try to impose the English Prayer Book in Scotland?
1637
How many subsidies did Wentworth manage to convince the Irish Parliament to grant Charles?
6
Who wrote the pamphlet “Histriomatrix” criticising the Queen?
William Prynne- 1633
When did the riot break out in St Giles Church?
23rd July 1637
When was the National Covenant formed?
1638
What were the terms of the Covenant?
. All who signed pledged to defend Scotland’s rights to decide its own path in religion and government.
. Scotland should have a Parliament free from the King’s interference.
. It demanded the abolition of bishops, who were seen as servants of the King.
When was the First Bishop’s War?
1639
How did the Scottish Rebellion affect the collection of Ship Money?
Collection plummeted from 90% to 20%
How much money did Charles spend on fighting the Scots in 1639?
£185,000
When was the Passification of Berwick signed?
June 1639
What were the terms of the Passification of Berwick?
. The King agreed to authorise a new General Assembly of the Kirk in August, to be followed by a meeting of the Scottish Parliament.
. Both sides agreed to disband their armies.
How long did the Short Parliament last?
Less than a month
How did Charles raise money for the Second Bishop’s War without Parliament?
He confiscated £30,000 worth of gold and silver from the City of London merchants
How many Covenanters were on the English border in October 1640?
20,000
What was the Treaty of Ripon?
The treaty which ended the Second Bishop’s War
What were the terms of the Treaty of Ripon?
England had to pay Scotland £850 a day while they occupied Newcastle, until a permanent settlement was reached
