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History- Civil War > 1642-1646 > Flashcards

1642-1646 Flashcards

1
Q

Who gave Charles substantial gifts at the start of the war?

A

. The Earl of Newcastle gave 8,000 troops
. The Earl of Worcester gave £300,000

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2
Q

Why did Charles have an initial advantage?

A

. It was hard for Parliament to raise troops who were willing to fight the King
. No one questioned the King’s right to raise an army
. Parliament had no clear aim

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3
Q

How was Parliament divided at the start of the Civil War?

A

. War Party (Arthur Haselrig, Henry
Marten)
. Middle Party (Pym, Oliver St John)
. Peace Party (Denzil Holles)

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4
Q

How were the Royalists divided at the start of the Civil War?

A

. Hawks (Prince Rupert, Henrietta Maria)
. Doves (Clarendon, Falkland)

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5
Q

What was an Association?

A

A group of local militia banded together

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6
Q

Why was London important?

A

. Centre of political debate and discussion
. Access to the London Mob
. Centre of propaganda
. Access to the country’s largest port

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7
Q

When was the Battle of Edgehill?

A

October 1642

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8
Q

What was the result of the Battle of Edgehill?

A

Both sides fought to a standstill and neither could claim victory

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9
Q

When was the standoff at Turnham Green?

A

November 1642

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10
Q

When were the Oxford Negotiations?

A

January 1643

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11
Q

What were the Oxford Negotiations?

A

Essentially a repeat of the 19 Propositions

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12
Q

Name two Royalist Victories

A

. Battle of Adwalton Moor (June 1643)
Battle of Roundaway Down (13th July1643)

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13
Q

What was a mistake made by Prince Rupert in 1643?

A

Besieging Gloucester rather than continuing onwards to London

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14
Q

When was the Battle of Newbury?

A

20th September 1643

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15
Q

What was the result of the Battle of Newbury?

A

Parliamentary victory

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16
Q

Which taxes did Pym introduce?

A

. The Assessment (Feb 1643)
. The Sequestration Ordinance (March 1643)
. The Fifth and Twentieth Part (May 1643)
. The Excise Duty (July 1642)

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17
Q

Who was chosen to lead the Eastern Association in August 1643?

A

Earl of Manchester

18
Q

When was the Solemn League and Covenant signed?

A

25th September 1643

19
Q

What were the terms of the Solemn League and Covenent?

A

. Scotland would provide an army of 22,000 to fight for Parliament.
. A Committee of Both Kingdoms would jointly command all the Parliamentarian forces.
. Parliament would commit to a Presbyterian model for the Church of England.

20
Q

When was the Irish Cessation Treaty signed?

A

15th September 1643

21
Q

What were the terms of the Irish Cessation Treaty?

A

. A ceasefire of fighting in Ireland in return for Irish troops to support him under General Ormond

22
Q

Why was the Irish Cessation Treaty a failure?

A

. Private letters were discovered on Charles’ war train which revealed the plan
. Pushed wavering MPs into signing the SLAC
. Irish troops were unable to reach Charles due to Parliament’s control over the major ports

23
Q

When was the Battle of Marstpn Moor?

A

2nd July 1644

24
Q

How many troops were present at Marston Moor?

A

18,000 Royalist troops
28,000 Parliamentarian troops

25
Q

What was the result of Marston Moor?

A

Largest Parliamentary victory thus far

26
Q

How many Royalists were killed at Marston Moor?

A

4,000

27
Q

How many Royalists were captured at Marston Moor?

A

1,500

28
Q

Which area remained neutral throughout the Civil War?

A

Cheshire

29
Q

When did Pym die?

A

1643

30
Q

What was the long-term effect of the SLAC?

A

Created divides within Parliament:
Political Presbyterians and Political Independants

31
Q

What was the Self Denying Ordinance?

A

Stated that MPs could no longer hold military leadership positions (with the exception of Cromwell)

32
Q

When was the New Model Army created?

A

Beginning of 1645

33
Q

Who was the leader of the New Model Army?

A

General Thomas Fairfax

34
Q

When were the Uxbridge Negotiations?

A

January-February 1645

35
Q

What were the terms of the Uxbridge Negotiations?

A

. The King sign the Covenant (acknowledging that Scotland was free to choose its own faith)
. Charles accept a Presbyterian settlement for the English Church, too
. Charles agree that the English army would be under the control of Anglo-Scottish officials.

36
Q

When was the Battle of Naseby?

A

14th June 1645

37
Q

What was the result of the Battle of Naseby?

A

Huge Parliamentary victory

38
Q

By how much was Charles outnumbered at Naseby?

A

14,000 to 7,500

39
Q

How many Royalists were killed at Naseby?

A

1,000

40
Q

How many Royalists were captured at Naseby?

A

2,500

41
Q

How many men did the NMA lose at Naseby?

A

200

42
Q

When did Charles surrender to the Scots?

A

5th May 1646

History- Civil War (6 decks)

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