1642-1646

Question 1

Who gave Charles substantial gifts at the start of the war?

Answer 1

. The Earl of Newcastle gave 8,000 troops
. The Earl of Worcester gave £300,000

Question 2

Why did Charles have an initial advantage?

Answer 2

. It was hard for Parliament to raise troops who were willing to fight the King
. No one questioned the King’s right to raise an army
. Parliament had no clear aim

Question 3

How was Parliament divided at the start of the Civil War?

Answer 3

. War Party (Arthur Haselrig, Henry
Marten)
. Middle Party (Pym, Oliver St John)
. Peace Party (Denzil Holles)

Question 4

How were the Royalists divided at the start of the Civil War?

Answer 4

. Hawks (Prince Rupert, Henrietta Maria)
. Doves (Clarendon, Falkland)

Question 5

What was an Association?

Answer 5

A group of local militia banded together

Question 6

Why was London important?

Answer 6

. Centre of political debate and discussion
. Access to the London Mob
. Centre of propaganda
. Access to the country’s largest port

Question 7

When was the Battle of Edgehill?

Answer 7

October 1642

Question 8

What was the result of the Battle of Edgehill?

Answer 8

Both sides fought to a standstill and neither could claim victory

Question 9

When was the standoff at Turnham Green?

Answer 9

November 1642

Question 10

When were the Oxford Negotiations?

Answer 10

January 1643

Question 11

What were the Oxford Negotiations?

Answer 11

Essentially a repeat of the 19 Propositions

Question 12

Name two Royalist Victories

Answer 12

. Battle of Adwalton Moor (June 1643)
Battle of Roundaway Down (13th July1643)

Question 13

What was a mistake made by Prince Rupert in 1643?

Answer 13

Besieging Gloucester rather than continuing onwards to London

Question 14

When was the Battle of Newbury?

Answer 14

20th September 1643

Question 15

What was the result of the Battle of Newbury?

Answer 15

Parliamentary victory

Question 16

Which taxes did Pym introduce?

Answer 16

. The Assessment (Feb 1643)
. The Sequestration Ordinance (March 1643)
. The Fifth and Twentieth Part (May 1643)
. The Excise Duty (July 1642)

Question 17

Who was chosen to lead the Eastern Association in August 1643?

Answer 17

Earl of Manchester

Question 18

When was the Solemn League and Covenant signed?

Answer 18

25th September 1643

Question 19

What were the terms of the Solemn League and Covenent?

Answer 19

. Scotland would provide an army of 22,000 to fight for Parliament.
. A Committee of Both Kingdoms would jointly command all the Parliamentarian forces.
. Parliament would commit to a Presbyterian model for the Church of England.

Question 20

When was the Irish Cessation Treaty signed?

Answer 20

15th September 1643

Question 21

What were the terms of the Irish Cessation Treaty?

Answer 21

. A ceasefire of fighting in Ireland in return for Irish troops to support him under General Ormond

Question 22

Why was the Irish Cessation Treaty a failure?

Answer 22

. Private letters were discovered on Charles’ war train which revealed the plan
. Pushed wavering MPs into signing the SLAC
. Irish troops were unable to reach Charles due to Parliament’s control over the major ports

Question 23

When was the Battle of Marstpn Moor?

Answer 23

2nd July 1644

Question 24

How many troops were present at Marston Moor?

Answer 24

18,000 Royalist troops
28,000 Parliamentarian troops

Question 25

What was the result of Marston Moor?

Answer 25

Largest Parliamentary victory thus far

Question 26

How many Royalists were killed at Marston Moor?

Answer 26

4,000

Question 27

How many Royalists were captured at Marston Moor?

Answer 27

1,500

Question 28

Which area remained neutral throughout the Civil War?

Answer 28

Cheshire

Question 29

When did Pym die?

Answer 29

1643

Question 30

What was the long-term effect of the SLAC?

Answer 30

Created divides within Parliament:
Political Presbyterians and Political Independants

Question 31

What was the Self Denying Ordinance?

Answer 31

Stated that MPs could no longer hold military leadership positions (with the exception of Cromwell)

Question 32

When was the New Model Army created?

Answer 32

Beginning of 1645

Question 33

Who was the leader of the New Model Army?

Answer 33

General Thomas Fairfax

Question 34

When were the Uxbridge Negotiations?

Answer 34

January-February 1645

Question 35

What were the terms of the Uxbridge Negotiations?

Answer 35

. The King sign the Covenant (acknowledging that Scotland was free to choose its own faith)
. Charles accept a Presbyterian settlement for the English Church, too
. Charles agree that the English army would be under the control of Anglo-Scottish officials.

Question 36

When was the Battle of Naseby?

Answer 36

14th June 1645

Question 37

What was the result of the Battle of Naseby?

Answer 37

Huge Parliamentary victory

Question 38

By how much was Charles outnumbered at Naseby?

Answer 38

14,000 to 7,500

Question 39

How many Royalists were killed at Naseby?

Answer 39

1,000

Question 40

How many Royalists were captured at Naseby?

Answer 40

2,500

Question 41

How many men did the NMA lose at Naseby?

Answer 41

200

Question 42

When did Charles surrender to the Scots?

Answer 42

5th May 1646