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Biology > 16.1-.4 > Flashcards

16.1-.4 Flashcards

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1
Q

change over time

A

evolution

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2
Q

preserved remains of an ancient organism

A

fossil

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3
Q

ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in an environment

A

fitness

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4
Q

inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance or survival

A

adaptation

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5
Q

the process by which an organism with variations most suited to their environment survive and and leave more offspring

A

natural selection

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6
Q

structures that develop the same embryonic tissues but have different mature forms

A

homologous structures

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7
Q

small structures with little to no function

A

vestigal structures

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8
Q

the study of where organisms are and where they lived in the past

A

biogeography

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9
Q

the use of selective breeding to produce organisms with certain desirable traits

A

artificial selection

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10
Q

body parts that share common function, but not structure

A

analogous structure

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11
Q

where did darwin spend most of his time

A

South America

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12
Q

what is the name of the islands

A

galápagos

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13
Q

what did geologists suggest during darwin’s time

A

the earth was ancient and changed over time.

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14
Q

what did Darwin learn on the island

A

the shell shape of the tortious could be linked with the island it was on

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15
Q

rheas

A

south America

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16
Q

ostriches

A

africa

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17
Q

emus

A

australia

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18
Q

Why might darwin think finches from SA are related to finches in GI

A

The islands are close so they may have flown over

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19
Q

What revelation did Darwin suggest between fossils and modern animals

A

modern species may be related to extinct ones

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20
Q

locally

A

galápagos tort

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21
Q

globally

A

rheas and ostriches

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22
Q

over time

A

glyptodonts and armadillos

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23
Q

what 2 ways did geology influence Darwin

A

earth was very old and earth changed over time

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24
Q

Hutton relised earth was _______ then he thought

A

older

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25
Q

Lyell thought most geological processes happened

A

slowly

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26
Q

the process that changed the earth in the past is the _____ as the processes that operate in the present

A

same as

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27
Q

his work explained how large geological figures could be built up/torn down over long periods of time

A

Lyell

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28
Q

How did Lamarck’s purpose of species change over time

A

Selective use/nonuse of organs, organisms aquaried or lost certain traits. These traits were passed to their offspring and could lead to a change of species.

29
Q

How did Lamarck pave the way for other biologists

A

he paved the way for evolution and organisms change over time

30
Q

Which of Lamark’s ideas are true/false

A

true - change over time. false - inherited characteristics and inborn drive to be more complex

31
Q

How would Lamark explain the length of a giraffe

A

It would constantly try and stretch its next to get leaves. As it strectches its neck, it would grow a bit longer. These necks would then be passed to their offspring, who could stretch their necks during their life time.

32
Q

What observation caused Thomas Malthus to form a theory about population growth.

A

human birth rate higher than death rate

33
Q

Mathlus idea

A

If human population was unchecked, there would not be enough living space/food for everyone.

34
Q

Mathlus’s ideas told Darwin that

A

more organisms were born than would survive/reproduce

35
Q

How does the human race artificially select? How does nature play into it?

A

Nature provides variation and humans select and breed for variation they find useful or appealing

36
Q

members of a population compete regularly to obtain food, living space, and other necessities of life.

A

struggle for existence

37
Q

why is camouflage and adaptation

A

it is a heritable trait that can help an organism survive predators and increase chance of survival.

38
Q

How does an animals fitness relate to its chances of survival and reproduction

A

the higher the animal’s level of fitness, the better its chances of survival and reproduction

39
Q

natural selection acts on ________ traits

A

inherited

40
Q

any inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival

A

adaptation

41
Q

ability to survive and reproduce in an environment

A

fitness

42
Q

look at chart

A

ok

43
Q

natural selection depends on the organism’s abiltiy to

A

reproduce

44
Q

every organism today _________ from one that can reproduce

A

decended

45
Q

Over many generations, adaptation could successfully cause species to _______ into new ones

A

evolve

46
Q

common decent suggests that all species, living/extinct, are _____

A

related

47
Q

The ______ ______ provides physical proof of decent over long periods of time

A

fossil record

48
Q

distantly related organisms may be similar if they live in

A

similar environments

49
Q

explain the finch of the gal isl

A

it had descended with modification from the mainland ancestor

50
Q

what explains similar but unrelated species

A

such species evolved features in common because they were exposed to natural selection

51
Q

mammilian leg and amphibian leg

A

hs

52
Q

wing of bee/bird

A

as

53
Q

hipbones in dolphins

A

vs

54
Q

bat wing and mouse arm

A

hs

55
Q

reptile/bird foot

A

hs

56
Q

dolphin fin/fish tail

A

as

57
Q

eyes on blind cave fish

A

vs

58
Q

snake tongue and dog nose

A

as

59
Q

provides molecular theory that supports evolution

A

genetics

60
Q

code heritable info

A

dna/rna

61
Q

the universal genetic code is used by almost all organisms to

A

direct protein synthesis

62
Q

proteins that are _________ share simular chemical and structal simularities

A

homo

63
Q

cytochrome c is used for _______ ________ in every living cell

A

chemical respiration

64
Q

Homo genes called hox genes control growth and timing in

A

embryos

65
Q

relatively minor changes in an organism’s genome can produce major changes in an organisms

A

structure

66
Q

What hypothesis did grant test for

A

differences in beak size and shape produce different fitnesses

67
Q

what did grants data produce

A

great variation among gal finches

68
Q

what did grant test for

A

natural selection

Biology (10 decks)

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