16 - Chemical and Pollutants

Question 1

land that can be plowed, able to produce crops, food

Answer 1

Arable Land

Question 2

land where crops do not require annual replanting, e.g., coffee, tea, fruit

Answer 2

permanent cropland

Question 3

land used primarily as livestock grazing

Answer 3

permanent pasture

Question 4

food for the farm household

Answer 4

subsistence farming

Question 5

watering of crops

Answer 5

irrigation

Question 6

technology to raise land productivity

Answer 6

green revolution

Question 7

crossing traits for higher-yield seed, same species, different traits,
“miracle” varieties (e.g., rice, wheat, …) mature faster, shorter, stiffer

Answer 7

hybridization

Question 8

single strain of a species for entire crop

Answer 8

monoculture cropping

Question 9

insert genes in unrelated species (e.g., fish into corn)

Answer 9

GMO (genetically modified organism)

Question 10

biocide used to treat GMO crops, killing hives of bees in proximity

Answer 10

neonics

Question 11

solution to global GHG emissions, petroleum replacement from biomass ethanol fuel (ethyl alcohol) gasoline additive in car engines
biodiesel (vegetable oil) as diesel or mixed fuel for engines and heating oil

Answer 11

Biofuel Revolution

Question 12

animal industrial intensification
animals in confined space (high density herds, supplied inputs)
~30% of agricultural water use, animals receive processed/supplemented (vitamins etc.) food

Answer 12

Livestock Revolution

Question 13

more output, same land, e.g.,

Answer 13

intensification

Question 14

“longer the food chain, the greater the energy loss” can be explained by which law?

Answer 14

second law of thermodynamics

Question 15

breed, rear, sustain, or finish confined livestock
>100 head/370 m2, management of factory farm wastes, concentrated chemical byproducts nuisances (such as odour, noise, dust, flies) disrupting neighbours

Answer 15

intensive livestock operations

Question 16

body of water gets more nutrient than can process, produces more organic matter than the water body’s self-purification can overcome

Answer 16

Eutrophication

Question 17

eutrophication of costal marine environments typical of high nutrient input

Answer 17

Dead Zone