02/03 - Waves of Environmental Management Flashcards
1st Wave
19th century -rediscovered/protected wilderness areas, develop national parks
2nd Wave
20th century - identified/publicized environmental degradation. Advocacy.
3rd Wave
21st century - repair/remediate environmental degradation, improve sustainability
Disciplinary means single field while
1. multidisciplinary
2. cross-disciplinary
3. interdisciplinary
4. transdisciplinary
means?
- some fields
- fields borrowing information
- sharing views
- each field has equal weight
utilizing scientific knowledge of resources and the environment
science-based management
wavelengths of ultraviolet light responsible for producing sunburn, altering cells
UVB/UVC
What is an ozone and ozone layer?
Ozone is an O3 molecule that blocks UVB and UVC. The ozone layer is a layer of O3 in the atmosphere.
Montreal Protocol (1987)
set pollutant limit targets
to phase out ozone-depleting substances (CFCs)
This phenomenon occurs when sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emitted from industrial processes, vehicle emissions, and other human activities react with water vapor, oxygen, and other chemicals in the atmosphere. Can be carried long distances by wind patterns before being deposited onto the Earth’s surface through precipitation.
Acid Deposition
water body acid buildup over winter, resulting in higher acidity than other times
pulse of spring acidity (snow melt runoff)
Acid Shock
maximum acid deposition level sustained in an area keeping ecological integrity
Critical Load
Factors that neutralize acid deposition. Ability to resist changes in PH level.
Buffering Capacity
A collection of 17 interlinked global goals set by the United Nations General Assembly. Globally accepted to achieve well-being
Sustainable Development Goals
Policy Target Value (PTV) VS Scientific Target Value (STV)
PTV compromises objective science for people/economy while STV is scientific-based and has objective information
Anything that occupies space and has mass. Chemical elements on the periodic table and the basis of everything.
Matter
two different atoms forming a new substance, e.g., H and O as water (H2O)
Compound
matter cannot be created or destroyed, merely transformed
law of conservation of matter
one of a series of biological, chemical, and geological processes
Biogeochemical Cycle
element or compound an organism requires from its environment
Nutrient
Macronutrient VS Micronutrient
Chemical substances needed by organisms in large quantities (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus) versus elements needed in small quantities (copper, iron, zinc)
when you supply the needs of an organism through fertilizer or waste removal
Auxiliary Energy Flows
relationship among rock-forming processes and transformations
Rock Cycle
cycle of elements mostly held in the lithosphere (phosphorus/sulfur). Human action interferes with the speed of many of these cycles and results in serious environmental problems
sedimentary cycle
An element that has metabolic energy use and is a dominant limiting factor in freshwater/terrestrial plants. However, this element is stored up in rocks and bones and only when bacteria convert it is it accessible to plants.
Phosphorus
marine bird droppings that are rich in phosphorus (also nutrient rich)
Guano
building component of proteins. It has a
sink and reservoir partly atmospheric cycle. Emitted into the atmosphere naturally (volcanos) or by people (fossil fuel). Microorganisms transform it in soil
Sulphar
An element that exists by product of lightning and has a sink in the atmosphere (78.1% in atmosphere)
Nitrogen
gaseous (atmospheric) nitrogen converted to ammonia (bioavailable nutrient) by bacteria
Nitrogen Fixation
Conversion of nitrate to
molecular nitrogen by bacteria in the nitrogen cycle (going from soil back up into the atmosphere)
Denitrification
Bacteria converting nitrogen into ammonium slat (rock)
Mineralization
What are the three things that nitrogen can be converted to by bacteria?
- nitrogen fixation (bioavailable)
- denitrification (nitrate - into nitrogen, back in the atmosphere)
- mineralization (locked into rocks)
