02/03 - Waves of Environmental Management

Question 1

1st Wave

Answer 1

19th century -rediscovered/protected wilderness areas, develop national parks

Question 2

2nd Wave

Answer 2

20th century - identified/publicized environmental degradation. Advocacy.

Question 3

3rd Wave

Answer 3

21st century - repair/remediate environmental degradation, improve sustainability

Question 4

Disciplinary means single field while
1. multidisciplinary
2. cross-disciplinary
3. interdisciplinary
4. transdisciplinary

means?

Answer 4

1. some fields
2. fields borrowing information
3. sharing views
4. each field has equal weight

Question 5

utilizing scientific knowledge of resources and the environment

Answer 5

science-based management

Question 6

wavelengths of ultraviolet light responsible for producing sunburn, altering cells

Answer 6

UVB/UVC

Question 7

What is an ozone and ozone layer?

Answer 7

Ozone is an O3 molecule that blocks UVB and UVC. The ozone layer is a layer of O3 in the atmosphere.

Question 8

Montreal Protocol (1987)

Answer 8

set pollutant limit targets
to phase out ozone-depleting substances (CFCs)

Question 9

This phenomenon occurs when sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emitted from industrial processes, vehicle emissions, and other human activities react with water vapor, oxygen, and other chemicals in the atmosphere. Can be carried long distances by wind patterns before being deposited onto the Earth’s surface through precipitation.

Answer 9

Acid Deposition

Question 10

water body acid buildup over winter, resulting in higher acidity than other times
pulse of spring acidity (snow melt runoff)

Answer 10

Acid Shock

Question 11

maximum acid deposition level sustained in an area keeping ecological integrity

Answer 11

Critical Load

Question 12

Factors that neutralize acid deposition. Ability to resist changes in PH level.

Answer 12

Buffering Capacity

Question 13

A collection of 17 interlinked global goals set by the United Nations General Assembly. Globally accepted to achieve well-being

Answer 13

Sustainable Development Goals

Question 14

Policy Target Value (PTV) VS Scientific Target Value (STV)

Answer 14

PTV compromises objective science for people/economy while STV is scientific-based and has objective information

Question 15

Anything that occupies space and has mass. Chemical elements on the periodic table and the basis of everything.

Answer 15

Matter

Question 16

two different atoms forming a new substance, e.g., H and O as water (H2O)

Answer 16

Compound

Question 17

matter cannot be created or destroyed, merely transformed

Answer 17

law of conservation of matter

Question 18

one of a series of biological, chemical, and geological processes

Answer 18

Biogeochemical Cycle

Question 19

element or compound an organism requires from its environment

Answer 19

Nutrient

Question 20

Macronutrient VS Micronutrient

Answer 20

Chemical substances needed by organisms in large quantities (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus) versus elements needed in small quantities (copper, iron, zinc)

Question 21

when you supply the needs of an organism through fertilizer or waste removal

Answer 21

Auxiliary Energy Flows

Question 22

relationship among rock-forming processes and transformations

Answer 22

Rock Cycle

Question 23

cycle of elements mostly held in the lithosphere (phosphorus/sulfur). Human action interferes with the speed of many of these cycles and results in serious environmental problems

Answer 23

sedimentary cycle

Question 24

An element that has metabolic energy use and is a dominant limiting factor in freshwater/terrestrial plants. However, this element is stored up in rocks and bones and only when bacteria convert it is it accessible to plants.

Answer 24

Phosphorus

Question 25

marine bird droppings that are rich in phosphorus (also nutrient rich)

Answer 25

Guano

Question 26

building component of proteins. It has a
sink and reservoir partly atmospheric cycle. Emitted into the atmosphere naturally (volcanos) or by people (fossil fuel). Microorganisms transform it in soil

Answer 26

Sulphar

Question 27

An element that exists by product of lightning and has a sink in the atmosphere (78.1% in atmosphere)

Answer 27

Nitrogen

Question 28

gaseous (atmospheric) nitrogen converted to ammonia (bioavailable nutrient) by bacteria

Answer 28

Nitrogen Fixation

Question 29

Conversion of nitrate to
molecular nitrogen by bacteria in the nitrogen cycle (going from soil back up into the atmosphere)

Answer 29

Denitrification

Question 30

Bacteria converting nitrogen into ammonium slat (rock)

Answer 30

Mineralization

Question 31

What are the three things that nitrogen can be converted to by bacteria?

Answer 31

1. nitrogen fixation (bioavailable)
2. denitrification (nitrate - into nitrogen, back in the atmosphere)
3. mineralization (locked into rocks)