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PVM III > Lecture 7: Dairy Production Medicine > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Dairy Production Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What is grade A milk

A

Consumer safe in whatever form it comes in

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2
Q

What is Grade A class I milk

A

Beverages- fluid milk

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3
Q

What is grade A class II milk

A

Soft products- heavy cream, sour cream, cottage cheese, ricotta, yogurt

Frozen dairy products- ice cream, frozen yogurt

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4
Q

What are grade A class III milk products

A

Cheese- cream cheese, spreadable cheese, hard cheese

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5
Q

What are grade A class IV milk products

A

Butter and powder products

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6
Q

What primarily drives cost of milk, what wholesale commodity

A

Cheese, butter, dry milk products

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7
Q

How many lactations until a cow has paid for themselves

A

2-3 (5yrs old)

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8
Q

Describe the steps from calf—> milking at dairy production

A
  1. Calves—> females separated from mom at birth and bull calves sent to feedlot
  2. Heifer calf are weaned from hutches at 8 weeks old to group housing
  3. Bred at 14-15 months
  4. Gestation 285 days
  5. Birth and lactation
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9
Q

At what age are dairy calves weaned

A

8 weeks

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10
Q

At what age are dairy cows bred

A

14-15 months

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11
Q

When does a calf transition from heifer calf to heifer

A

Heifer calf until 8 weeks old and weaned
After that considered heifer

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12
Q

When is heifer considered a cow

A

After birth of first calf

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13
Q

What is a very common site of infection in heifer calves

A

Umbilical cord

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14
Q

What % BW must heifer calves be bottle fed at minimum

A

10-15%

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15
Q

What is the benefit of adding ad lib water, ad lib grain/grass hay

A

Help develop their rumen and prepare them for future diet

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16
Q

When do you vaccinate heifer calves

A

6 weeks

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17
Q

What infectious diseases are you most worried about in calves from 0-8 weeks

A

Diarrhea

18
Q

What disease are you most worried about in weaned calves

A

Bovine respiratory disease complex

19
Q

What are the 2 different ways dairy heifers can be housed

A
  1. Heifer raising facility (until pregnant)
  2. Pasture, dry lot
20
Q

What is the goal of heifer production prior to breeding

A

Grow without becoming over-conditioned because increase risk of dystocia

21
Q

Breed heifers at __% mature weight around ___lbs

A

65%, 750lbs

22
Q

When do you want heifers to have their first calf

A

22-24 month old (~2yrs)

23
Q

What are the housing options for lactating cows

A

Pasture, dry lot, free stalls

24
Q

What food do lactating cows get

A

Total mixed ration (TMR)

25
Q

What is TMR

A

Higher energy and protein food to ensure they can get what they need to maintain pregnancy and produce large amounts of milk

26
Q

What is commonly included in TMR

A

Hay, corn, soybean meal, minerals, vitamins, almond hulls

27
Q

What does freshening mean

A

Calving

28
Q

What is the timeline for early lactation period

A

Day 0 (Calving)-100

29
Q

When is peak milk produced after calving

A

Days 45-90

30
Q

What is the timeline for mid lactation period

A

Day 100-200

31
Q

What happens during mid lactation

A
  1. Milk yield starts gradually decreases
  2. Eating more foods so putting back on weight
32
Q

What is timeline for late lactation period

A

Days 200-305

33
Q

What happens during late lactation period

A
  1. Mild yield decreases
    2.BW continues to improve for next lactation (hopefully pregnant by this point)
34
Q

What is the dry off period

A

Days 305-365

35
Q

What happens in dry off period

A
  1. No longer milked
  2. Prepare for calving and next lactation
  3. Monitor BCS
36
Q

When does the close up period take place

A

3 weeks before calving (21 days)

37
Q

What happens during close up period

A

Move cows closer to dairy so you can monitor for early calving, adapt lactation diet (increase protein and energy source)

38
Q

How many times a day do lactating dairy cows need to be milked

A

2-3 times a day

39
Q

How do you prepare the udder for milking

A
  1. Remove dirt
  2. Pre dip- remove environmental pathogens
  3. Strip teat
  4. Wipe off dip
  5. Attach milked
  6. Post dip- remove contagious pathogens
40
Q

How many days is lactation standardized to in the U.S. Dairy industry

A

305 days

**60 days not lactating- dry off period

41
Q

What are some health issues commonly seen during lactation

A
  1. Mastitis
  2. Milk Fever
  3. Ketosis
  4. Negative energy balance

PVM III (12 decks)

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