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Module 15 > 15.20 > Flashcards

15.20 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a fire zone?

A

A zone required by the manufacturer to have a fire detection/extinguishing system and resistance

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2
Q

What are the two types of turbine failures?

A

Thermodynamic
Mechanical

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3
Q

What does thermodynamics cause?

A

An upset to the amount of airflow used to cool down combustion so the turbines can operate at a decent temp

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4
Q

If the turbines get too hot what can happen?

A

They can melt and reduce thrust

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5
Q

What can the rapid build up of ice in inlet screens or inlet guide vanes result in?

A

Overheating of turbines or breaking them (be thrown outward)

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6
Q

What 2 things can a thermodynamic failure result in?

A

Severed tail cone
Penetration of the structure

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7
Q

What are thermodynamic failures caused by?

A

Ice
Excessive bleed air
Compressor stall caused by faulty controls
Excessive fuel

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8
Q

What can mechanical failures cause?

A

Puncture tailcone
Overheat conditions or fires

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9
Q

What can mechanical failures cause?

A

Puncture tailcone
Overheat conditions or fires

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10
Q

What can excessive fuel that runs through the exhaust pipe cause?

A

A fire

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11
Q

What does a complete fire system include?

A

Detection and extinguishment

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12
Q

What are the three types of fire detectors in an aircraft?

A

Overheat detectors
Rate of temperature rise
Flame detectors

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13
Q

What are the two common types of system for fire detection?

A

Spot detectors
Continuous loop

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14
Q

What uses individual sensors to monitor a fire zone?

A

Spot detector

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15
Q

What is different about continuous loop in regards to spot detector?

A

Continuous loop covers a wide range and is used on transport aircraft

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16
Q

What do continuous loop system fire extinguishers use to detect?

A

Several loop type sensors

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17
Q

What aircraft utilise thermoswitch or thermocouple?

A

Older aircraft

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18
Q

What does a thermal switch comprise of?

A

One or more lights and heat sensitive thermal switches that complete electrical circuits at a set temperature

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19
Q

What are thermal switches on parallel and series to.

A

Series with the lights
Parallel with eachother

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20
Q

What can you press to test the lights?

A

Warning lights

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21
Q

How is the bulb tested?

A

By pushing it in

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22
Q

What does a thermocouple rely on? And what does it not give?

A

Rare of temperature rise and does not give an indication when overheat condition occurs or a short circuit

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23
Q

3 circuits of thermocouple?

A

Detector
Alarm
Test

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24
Q

If both hot junctions are heated at the same time, what voltage occurs?

A

Zero

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25
Q

Are the thermocouples in series or parallel to each other?

A

Series

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26
Q

When are optical fire detection systems designed to alarm?

A

When they detector the presence of radiation

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27
Q

What are the two types of optical detectors

A

Ultraviolet
Infrared

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28
Q

Where are inferred used?

A

Helicopters and light aircraft

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29
Q

What are the two functions of the pneumatic detector?

A

Overall temperature
Localised Discreet temperature

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30
Q

How does a pneumatic detector work?

A

Gas pressure inside a tube increases and an internal switch is closed

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31
Q

What does the integrity switch do if pressure is lost meaning a leak is detected?

A

It opens triggering a faukt alarm

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32
Q

How is the averaging function activated?

A

By increase of pressure of helium gas inside the detector tube

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33
Q

How is discrete sensing accomplished?

A

Hydrogen filled core material in the sensor tube. It is then released at a pre set temp which increases the pressure and activates alarm switches

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34
Q

What is one word to describe the averaging and discrete detection functions?

A

Reversible meaning that when the sensor tube cools, the pressure is reduced and the hydrogen returns to its core

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35
Q

What does the titanium wire act as in pneumatic continuous systems?

A

The gas absorption material because it has a quantity of hydrogen. The tube is sealed at one end and connected to a responder at the other

36
Q

How many electircal switches does the responder have?

A

2

37
Q

How many electrical switches does the responder have?

A

2

38
Q

What is the fire warning function provided by?

A

The titanium wire

39
Q

What must be ensured in a dual loop system?

A

That both loops are activated before an alarm sounds

40
Q

What must be ensured in a dual loop system?

A

That both loops are activated before an alarm sounds

41
Q

What happens if one loop fails?

A

Integrity switch opens

42
Q

What happens if one loop fails?

A

Integrity switch opens (initiative system maintenance and uses the serviceable loop)

43
Q

Two types of continuous loop systems?

A

Fenwall kiddie

44
Q

What is fenwall?

A

Uses inconnel tube with eutectic salts

45
Q

How are Fenwall systems organised?

A

In series

46
Q

Hat happens when the Fenwall system when the fire has been exitingushed or critics, temp lowered?

A

Gore back into standby ready to detect fire or overheating

47
Q

What detects current flow in the Fenwall system?

A

The control unit which sends a signal to output relay

48
Q

What is the kiddie continuous loop system? And where are they connected too?

A

Two wires are embedded in the inconnel tube (one to ground and other to fire detection control unit)

49
Q

As temperature increases in kiddie, what happens to the resistance to the ground?

A

Decreases and fire control unit defects this and sends signal to flight deck

50
Q

What does the sensing element consist of?

A

An infinite amount of thermistors in parallel along its length

51
Q

What does the system respond to?

A

A sum of the thermistors resulting in an average

52
Q

Where are sensing elements routed?

A

Through non hazardous hot spots with high normal temps so they don’t set off a false alarm

53
Q

What is a general compartment temperature rise commonly caused by? (Overheat)

A

Leakage of hot bleed air or combustion gas into the engine

54
Q

What is converted into signals for cockpit display?

A

The sensing element loop signals

55
Q

What does it mean if the sensing element is unbroken during a system test?

A

A fire is simulated showing the continuity and the integrity of the alarm switch is good

56
Q

What are dual loop systems?

A

Two complete fire detection systems

57
Q

What is “AND” logic?

A

Both loops must signal to trigger a fire warning to prevent against false warning

58
Q

What happens if one loop is defective?

A

The fire signalling loop indicates a fault and the flight deck get an indication and the selector switch disconnects that loop. Aircraft can still fly if they single loop is serviceable

59
Q

What automatically performs the decision making and loop switching functionalities when a fault is detected?

A

Dual loop systems

60
Q

What does automatic self interrogation do?

A

Eliminates fault indication (corrects itself)
Ensures detection of fire if one dual loop is used (fire detection but one working)
Tests the other loop if only one detects fire

61
Q

What are the control units for basic types of fire systems housed in?

A

Hermetically sealed aluminium case

62
Q

What about for more sophisticated systems control unit’s?

A

They have removable control cards for hazard areas and unique functions

63
Q

In advanced systems, what controls the engines fire protection functions?

A

The detection system circuitry

64
Q

What is an individual single shot system involved in?

A

Apu
Fuel burning heaters
Combustion areas

65
Q

What are the fixed fire extinguishers used to do?

A

Dilute the air with an inert gas that does not support combustion

66
Q

What do fire extinguishers use to discharge the agent?

A

Perforated tubing
Discharge nozzles

67
Q

What types of extinguishers use open ended nozzles to dishcharge their gas?

A

High rate of discharge to deliver quantity in 1-2 seconds

68
Q

Why Halon 1301?

A

Low toxicity
Non corrosive
No clean up

69
Q

What are HRD bottles made out of?

A

Stainless steel

70
Q

What shape of containers provide the lightest weight?

A

Spherical

71
Q

Where are cylindrical cylinders used?

A

Where space is a factor

72
Q

Where is the squib (cartridge) and frangible disc located?

A

In the outlet of the discharge valve assembly

73
Q

What is the standard type of rupturing the squib?

A

Standard type using a slug driven by explosive energy to rupture a closed disc

74
Q

How can you verify the fire extinguishers charge agent?

A

Use a vibration resistant helical bourbon tubeb

75
Q

What does a combination gauge visually indicate?

A

Actual continued pressure and provides an electrical signal if pressure is lost (don’t need discharge indicators)

76
Q

Where are two way check valves required?

A

In a two shot system to prevent the agent in the reserve bottle from backing up in to empty main one

77
Q

What do discharge indicators provide?

A

Immediate visual detection of container discharge mounted on the skin

78
Q

What does red mean?

A

Thermal discharge

79
Q

What does yellow mean?

A

Fire bottle activated

80
Q

When red or yellow discs show what must you do?

A

Replace the bottle

81
Q

Where are fire switches located?

A

On the centre overhead panel or centre console

82
Q

When a fire switch is activated what two things happen?

A

The engine stops because the fuel control valve closes. (It is Isolated)
Armed fire extinguishing system

83
Q

How do you operate the two types of fire switches in the cockpit?

A

Pulled and turned
Push type

84
Q

What does a fire detection card in the system card file monitor?

A

The loops for overheat, fires and faults

85
Q

What happens technically if the fire detection system detects an overheat or fire condition?

A

Sends a signal to Aircraft Information Management System and then to the warning electronics unit

86
Q

What does the fuel control switch do when there is an engine fire?

A

The warning light comes on

Module 15 (18 decks)

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