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Anatomy Exam 3 > 15.1 Anterior Cervical Triangle > Flashcards

15.1 Anterior Cervical Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the paired anterior jugular veins and their connection via the jugular venous arch

A

-

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2
Q

Identify the boundaries of the anterior cervical triangle

A

the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
the inferior border of the mandible
the midline of the neck

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3
Q

Identify the subregions (triangles) of the anterior cervical region.

A
  • the submandibular (digastric) triangle, the inferior border of the mandible and the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric
  • the submental triangle, the anterior belly of both digastric muscles and the hyoid. This is the only unpaired triangle.
  • the muscular triangle, the superior belly of the omohyoid, –the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid, and the midline of the neck
  • the carotid triangle, the superior belly of the omohyoid, the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid, and the posterior belly of the digastric
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4
Q

Identify the submandibular gland

A

-

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5
Q

Identify the facial artery and vein.
From where does this artery stem?
Where does this vein drain?

A
  • External carotid artery.

- Drains to internal jugular.

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6
Q

Identify the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. Describe its action and innervation.

A
  • It is a supra hyoid muscle and acts to elevate and retract/protract the hyoid, depending on anterior/posterior insertion. These will also assist in opening the mandible at the TMJ by contracting when the infrahyoid muscles fix the hyoid.
  • Innervated by V3
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7
Q

Identify the hyoid bone

A

-

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8
Q

Identify the mylohyoid muscle. Describe its action and innervation.
Locate and describe the mylohyoid rap he.

A
  • Infrahyoid muscle: attaching the hyoid to the mandible and skull and functioning to elevate and retract/protract the hyoid, depending on anterior/posterior insertion. These will also assist in opening the mandible at the TMJ by contracting when the infrahyoid muscles fix the hyoid.
  • Innervation V3
  • The mylohyoid on each side meets in the midline at the mylohyoid raphe.
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9
Q

Identify the sternohyoid muscle. Describe its action and innervation.

A
  • Strap Muscles: function to depress or fix the hyoid, also elevate/depress the relative position of the thyroid cartilage.
  • Innervation: C1-C3
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10
Q

Identify the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle. Describe its action and function.

A
  • Strap muscle: function to depress or fix the hyoid, also elevate/depress the relative position of the thyroid cartilage.
  • Innervation: C1-C3
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11
Q

Identify the sternothyroid muscle. Describe its action and function.

A
  • Strap muscle: function to depress or fix the hyoid, also elevate/depress the relative position of the thyroid cartilage.
  • Innervation: C2-C3
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12
Q

Identify the thyrohyoid muscle. Describe its action and function.

A
  • Strap muscle: function to depress or fix the hyoid, also elevate/depress the relative position of the thyroid cartilage.
  • Innervation: C1 via CN XII
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13
Q

Identify the thyroid gland and its following components:

a. Lateral lobes
b. Isthmus
c. Pyramidal lobe
d. Carotid triangle
e. Superior thyroid artery
f. Inferior thyroid artery
g. Thyroid veins
(1) Superior
(2) Middle
(3) Inferior

A
  • the lateral lobes (right and left)
  • the isthmus, which connects the lateral lobes
  • the pyramidal lobe, the superiorly-oriented midline lobe, originating from the isthmus, which is often absent
  • the superior thyroid artery descends from the external carotid artery.
  • inferior thyroid:
  • the superior thyroid vein, which drains into the internal jugular veins
  • the middle thyroid vein, which drains into the internal jugular veins
  • the inferior thyroid vein, which drains into the brachiocephalic veins
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14
Q

Identify the following nerves in the carotid triangle:
Vagus
Hypoglossal
C1 via CN XII

A

-

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15
Q

Identify the intermediate tendon of the digastric as well as its posterior belly. Describe the innervation and function of this muscle.

A
  • Innervation: CN VII (Anterior belly is V3)
  • Suprahyoid muscle: attaching the hyoid to the mandible and skull and functioning to elevate and retract/protract the hyoid, depending on anterior/posterior insertion. These will also assist in opening the mandible at the TMJ by contracting when the infrahyoid muscles fix the hyoid.
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16
Q

Identify the following major vessels in the carotid triangle and discuss their course.

  • Internal jugular vein
  • Common carotid artery
  • External carotid artery
  • Internal carotid artery.
A
  • Internal Jugular: a continuation of the sigmoid sinus, a paired vein collecting the blood from the brain, the superficial parts of the face, and the neck.
  • Common carotid artery: from brachiocaphalic a. and aortic arch. Branch into Internal and External Carotid aa. in the neck.
  • External carotid a.: supplies face and neck
  • Internal carotid a: supplies brain
17
Q

Locate and describe the course of the following branches of the external carotid artery:

A
  • superior thyroid artery. Follow it to the thyroid gland.-
  • lingual artery, passing distally to the floor of the mouth
  • facial artery, which disappears deep to the submandibular gland before reappearing as it crosses the inferior border of the mandible.
  • ascending pharyngeal artery, arising from the bifurcation of the common carotid artery
  • occipital artery, arising from the posterior aspect of the external carotid artery and crossed by the hypoglossal nerve
18
Q

Locate and describe the carotid sinus.

A

a dilation of the internal carotid artery near its origin

19
Q

Locate and describe the ansa cervicalis and descendens hypoglossus

A

Ansa cervicalis: supplies the motor innervation to the strap muscles.
1. Nerve fibers from the anterior ramus of C1 join, then leave CN XII to descend along the neck forming the superior root. The superior root loops down around and up to join the descending fibers from the anterior rami of C2 and C3 to form the inferior root. Branches arise from the loop of the ansa to innervate the strap muscles. This is the motor component of the cervical plexus.

The descendens hypoglossus aka superior root of ansa cervicalis is formed from cervical spinal nerve 1 of the cervical plexus.

Anatomy Exam 3 (22 decks)

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