13.1 Scalp and Face

Question 1

Identify the following layers of the scalp:

• Skin
• Connective tissue
• Aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica)
• Loose connective tissue
• Periosteum of the skull

Answer 1

-

Question 2

Identify the frontalis belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle, its function, and innervation.

Answer 2

• Fxn: raise eyebrows and wrinkle forehead (facial expression)
• Innervation: CN VII (Facial)

Question 3

Identify the orbicularis oculi muscle as well as its innervation and function.

Answer 3

• Innervation: CN VII (Facial)

- Acts as orbital sphincter to close eyelids.

Question 4

Identify the nasalis muscle as well as its innervation and function.

Answer 4

• Innervation: CN VII (Facial)

- Fxn: flares nostrils.

Question 5

Identify the Levator labii superioris aleque nasi muscle as well as its innervation and function.

Answer 5

• Innervation: CN VII (Facial)

- Fxn: elevates upper lip, opens nostril.

Question 6

Identify the depressor labii inferioris muscle as well as its innervation and function.

Answer 6

• Innervation CN VII (Facial)

- Fxn: pulls lower lili inferiorly and laterally.

Question 7

Identify the zygomaticus major, its attachments, function, and innervation.

Answer 7

• Attachments: zygomatic bone and corner of the mouth.
• Fxn: pulls corner of mouth superrly and laterally.
• Innervation: CN VII (Facial)

Question 8

Identify the zygomaticus minor muscle, its attachments, function, and innervation.

Answer 8

• Attachments: Zygomatic bone and upper lip just medial to corner of mouth.
• Fxn: pulls upper lip superiorly.
• Innervation: CN VII (Facial).

Question 9

Identify the levator labii superioris muscle, its attachments, function, and innervation.

Answer 9

• Attachments: Maxilla and infraorbital region to skin of upper lip, alar cartilages of nose
• Fxn: Elevates upper lip, dilates nostril, raises anlge of mouth.
• Innervation: CN VII (Facial)

Question 10

Identify the orbicularis oris muscle, its function, and innervation.

Answer 10

• Function: Acts as oral sphincter.

- Innervation: CN VII (Facial).

Question 11

Identify the levator anguli oris muscle, its attachments, function, and innervation.

Answer 11

• Attachments: Maxilla to corner of mouth.
• Fxn: Raises angle of mouth, helps form nasolabial furrow.
• Innervation: CN VII (Facial)

Question 12

Identify the depressor anguli oris muscle, its attachments, function, and innervation.

Answer 12

• Attachments: Mandible to corner of mouth.
• Fxn: pulls angle of mouth inferiorly and laterally.
• Innervation: CN VII (Facial)

Question 13

Identify the mentalis muscle, its attachments, function, and innervation.

Answer 13

• Attachments: Incisive fossa of mandible to skin of chin.
• Fxn: Elevates and protrudes lower lip.
• Innervation: CN VII (Facial)

Question 14

Identify the buccinator muscle, its function, and innervation.

Answer 14

• Function: Presses check against molar teeth, works with tongue to keep food in, expels air when blowing. Unilaterally draws mouth to one side.
• Innervation: CN VII (Facial)

Question 15

Identify the masseter muscle, its attachments, function, and innervation.
Recognize the other 2 muscles of mastication innervated by this same nerve

Answer 15

• Attachments: zygomatic arch to mandibular anlge
• Fxn: Aducts and produces mandble, chewing.
• Innervation: Mandibular nerve (CN V3)
• Temporalis and Lateral/Medial Pterygoid muscles also involved in mastication.

Question 16

Identify the parotid gland and duct. What nerve innervates this gland?

Answer 16

-CN IX (Glossopharyngeal) innervates the parotid gland via the tyrannic nerve branch.

Question 17

Identify the facial artery and vein. From where does this branch? Locate its 4 branches:

Answer 17

• Facial artery Branches from External carotid artery.
  1. Inferior labial artery
  2. Superior labial artery
  3. Transverse facial artery
  4. Angular artery

Question 18

Identify the facial nerve (CN VII).
Where does this exit the skull?
What are its 5 branches and their general course?

Answer 18

• Facial nerve exits the skull via the stylomastoid foramen.
  1. Temporal branch
  2. Zygomatic branch
  3. Buccal branch
  4. Mandibular branch
  5. Cervical branch

Question 19

Identify the superficial temporal artery and vein. Describe its course.

Answer 19

Located anterior to the ear, one of the terminal branches of the external carotid artery. The artery divides into a frontal and a parietal branch.

Question 20

Identify the auriculotemporal nerve. Describe its course.

Answer 20

a branch of the mandibular nerve (V3), paralleling the superficial temporal artery in the substance of the parotid gland.

Question 21

Identify the retromandibular vein. Describe its course.

Answer 21

Located in the substance of the parotid gland.

Question 22

Identify the supraorbital nerve. Where does this emerge from the skull? From what CN does this branch?

Answer 22

• Supraorbital foramen.

- Branch of CN V1

Question 23

Identify the Infraorbital nerve.
Where does this emerge from the skull?
From what CN does this branch?

Answer 23

• Infraorbital foramen

- Branch of CN V2

Question 24

Identify the Supratrochlear nerve.

From what CN does this branch?

Answer 24

-Branch of CN V1

Question 25

Identify the mental nerve.
Where does this emerge?
From what CN does this branch?

Answer 25

• Emerges via mental foramen

- Branch of CN V3