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A&P > 15.1 > Flashcards

15.1 Flashcards

1
Q

In the eye is parasympathic or sympathetic responsible for pupil size decreasing?

A

Parasympathetic

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2
Q

In the eye is parasympathic or sympathetic responsible for pupil size increasing?

A

Sympathetic

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3
Q

Which part of the eye contains the photosensitive neural layer of the eye?

A

The Retina

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4
Q

Rods or Cones

Dim light, peripheral vison receptors

A

rods

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5
Q

Rods or cones

vision receptors for bright light

A

cones

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6
Q

rods or cones

more numerous and more sensitive to light

A

rods

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7
Q

no color vision or sharp images

A

rods

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8
Q

high resolution color vision

A

cones

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9
Q

Numbers greatest at periphery

A

rods

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10
Q

Outer segment of photoreceptors are made of..

A

flattened plasma membrane

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11
Q

What is the term for the light sensitive molecule

A

chromophore

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12
Q

WHat is protein plus vitamin A dervived chromophore

A

Rhodopsin

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13
Q

Term for when a single photon (light particle) that causes entire protein to change shape

A

Isomerized

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14
Q

What is retinal originally derived from

A

B carotene

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15
Q

In retinal synthesis what happens after its isomertized by light

A

must be recycled by multi step enzymatic process that occurs partly in photoreceptor cells and partily in support (pigmented) cells

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16
Q

Which part of the eye contains mostly cones

A

macula

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17
Q

Which part of the eye contains all cones

A

Fovea centralis

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18
Q

Which part of the eye is responsible for the best vision

A

Fovea Centralis

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19
Q

Where is the cone density highest in

A

central vision

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20
Q

Which type of vision is rod density the greatest

A

peripheral vision

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21
Q

What is the cause of Glaucoma

A

pressure and pinching of the optic nerve

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22
Q

Which eye disease is caused by blocked drainage of aqueous humor increases pressure and causes compression of retina and optic nerve which eventually leads to blindness

A

Glaucoma

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23
Q

Clouding of the eye is referred to as

A

Cataracts

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24
Q

What eye disease is caused by crystalline proteins clump

A

Cataracts

25
Q

Why do cataracts prevent eyesight

A

light cannot travel through the lens as well

26
Q

Which is worse wet or dry AMD?

A

Wet

27
Q

The fovea centralis is the center of what

A

macula

28
Q

Rhodopsin is made from what

A

a G Protein Coupled Receptor

29
Q

What are the four cells that vision works through

A

Photoreceptor to Bipolar to Retinal Ganglion to Brain

30
Q

Do rods or cones have high sensitivity and function in dim light

A

rods

31
Q

Do rods or cones have high acuity

A

Cones

32
Q

Are there more rods or cones?

A

rods

33
Q

Are rods or cones in peripheral retina

A

rods

34
Q

Are rods or cones mostly in central retina

A

cones

35
Q

B Carotene is involved in which process

A

Pigment synthesis

36
Q

Isomerization is also known as

A

photoactivation

37
Q

Enzymatic Regeneration is done where

A

partly in Retinal Pigment Epithelium cells

38
Q

In phototransduction iare ion channels open or closed in response to light

A

closed

39
Q

What are the five steps in phototransduction

A

light, receptor, g protein, enzyme and 2nd messenger

40
Q

What are G Proteins powered by

A

GTP

41
Q

In the dark are CNG channels open or closed

A

open

42
Q

In the light are photorecepters on or off

A

off

43
Q

In the light are CNG channels open or closed

A

closed

44
Q

In the dark are photoreceptors on or off

A

on

45
Q

In the dark when is GABA released

A

Constantly

46
Q

In the light when is GABA released

A

Never

47
Q

In the dark is the bipolar cell on or off

A

off

48
Q

In the light are the biopolar cells on or off

A

on

49
Q

In the dark are the Retinal Ganglion cells on or off

A

off

50
Q

In the light are retinal ganglion cell on or off

A

on

51
Q

What does the ciliary muscle do

A

changes the shape of the lens

52
Q

how does the ciliary muscle change the shape of the lens

A

contraction looses the ciliary zonule fibers and relation tightens them

53
Q

WHat shape is the lens in for distant vison

A

flat

54
Q

What shape is the lens in for close vision

A

bulges

55
Q

myopic is the term for

A

nearsighted

56
Q

hyperopic eye is a term for

A

farsighted

57
Q

myopic or nearsighted is because the eyeball is what

A

too long

58
Q

What does intrinsically photosensitive do

A

signals directly to circadian centers

59
Q

Which color eye has the most melanin

A

brown

A&P (16 decks)

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